______________ Necessary component of movement. BIOL 2010 Human Anatomy & Physiology I If bone is relatively rigid and inflexible how can we move? ______________ Necessary component of movement. Classified in various ways: 1)

? What are the different structural types of joints? ______________ No joint cavity, little-no movement ? No joint cavity, hyaline or fibrocartilage Joint cavity, synovial fluid, articular cartilage

What are the different sub-types of fibrous joints? _________ Bones held together with ___________ projections and ___________tissue PLUS continuous _______________ ____________ Bones held together with ___________, but bones __ together lack “single periosteum” (gompho = bolt together) ____________ Bones form a _____ and socket to connect the two, held together with ______________

Discuss with your neighbor and predict an answer. Take 5!!! What would be the result of a synostosis that occurred in a child’s skull before the brain had matured? Predict an example for each of the 3 types of fibrous joints! Discuss with your neighbor and predict an answer. Refer to table 8.1 for additional examples

Let’s generate some examples! What are the different sub-types of cartilaginous joints? ______________ This type of joint is comprised of _________________with limited or no movement (syn = together) (chondro = cartilage) _____________ This joint is joined with _____________ and has little or no movement (= growing together) Let’s generate some examples!

What makes synovial joints unique? Complex joints comprised of: 1) 2) 3) _________ are extensions of the synovial membrane that form “cushions” for tendons etc.

What are the different sub-types of synovial joints? Slight movement, 1 axis Considerable movement, 2 axes Considerable movement, 1 axis See fig. 8.6

What are the different sub-types of synovial joints? Rotational movement, 1 axis High degree of movement, multiaxial considerable movement, 2 axes See fig. 8.6

Angular What are the different types of movements? ________ _________ Coronal plane as reference “bend” moves anteriorly “straighten” moves posteriorly Sagittal plane as reference Moves away from midline Moves towards midline Behaviors that are examples of these? Exceptions to these?

Circular What are the different types of movements? Rotation around long axis (medial or lateral) Rotation of the forearm (prone & supine) Combination of angular movements to create circular movements (ball-and-socket joints)

These movements mainly pertain to the mandible and scapulae What are the different types of movements? Special Relates to transverse plane Moves superiorly Moves inferiorly Relates to coronal plane Moves anteriorly Moves posteriorly These movements mainly pertain to the mandible and scapulae

Special What are the different types of movements? Moving mandible towards or away from midline Thumb and another finger Foot lateral or medial

Take 5!!! Race to see which person can circle the location of the joints described OR can mimic the movement described.

Synovial Joints: Specific joints Articular disk between articular cartilages TMJ disorders (pg. 254)

Synovial Joints: Specific joints ____________ or ______________ Very free-ranging joint Held in position via: Glenohumeral ligaments (3) Caracohumeral ligament Transverse humeral ligament called the rotator cuff collectively

Synovial Joints: Specific joints ______________ or _____________ ___________ _______irritated by compression via deltoid muscle

Where is the Proximal radioulnar joint? Synovial Joints: Specific joints or Humerus Medial epicondyle Ulnar collateral ligament Ulna Lateral epicondyle Radial collateral ligament Annular ligament Radius Biceps tendon Side-to-side motion limited by a pair of ligaments: Olecranon bursa Where is the Proximal radioulnar joint?

Synovial Joints: Specific joints Hinge or ellipsoid Femur only articulates with ______ Articular disks of fibrocartilage ~ __________ (medial & lateral)

Synovial Joints: Specific joints Bones (?) held in position via…

Synovial Joints: Specific joints Bursae can become inflammed (bursitis) resulting in housemaid’s knee or clergyman’s knee

Synovial Joints: Specific joints Knee damage often involves:

Synovial Joints: Specific joints Ligaments most often injured… ____________ & anterior talofibular ligaments

Synovial Joints: Specific joints Arches of feet ________& ____________ force

What bone? Articular Pathology: _________________ Old age arthritis ___________________ autoimmune (attacks own tissues) ______________ Replacement of joints with prostheses prosthesis bone What bone?