Ch. 1 Questions Answers

1. Are our “gut” instincts always correct?

1. Are our “gut” instincts always correct? No…”Intuition is important, but we often underestimate its perils.”

2. Page 16: Find this sentence in the text, and fill-in the missing words. “Chapters to come will show that experiments have found people greatly _______________________ their lie detection accuracy, their __________________________________ recollections, their interviewee assessments, their _______________ predictions, and their stock-picking talents.”

2. Page 16: Find this sentence in the text, and fill-in the missing words. “Chapters to come will show that experiments have found people greatly _______________________ their lie detection accuracy, their __________________________________ recollections, their interviewee assessments, their _______________ predictions, and their stock-picking talents.”

3. Write a simple description of hindsight bias.

3. Write a simple description of hindsight bias.

4. Page 19: Find this sentence in the text, and fill-in the missing words. “Historians of science tell us that these three attitudes -- _______________________, ________________________, and ________________________-- helped make modern science possible.

4. Page 19: Find this sentence in the text, and fill-in the missing words. “Historians of science tell us that these three attitudes -- _______________________, ________________________, and ________________________-- helped make modern science possible.

5. Page 20: Find this sentence in the text, and fill-in the missing words. Smart thinking, called ___________________ ________________________, examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluate evidence, and assesses conclusions.

5. Page 20: Find this sentence in the text, and fill-in the missing words. Smart thinking, called ___________________ ________________________, examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluate evidence, and assesses conclusions.

6. Page21: Write the definition for scientific theory.

6. Page21: Write the definition for scientific theory.

7. Write the definition for hypothesis.

7. Write the definition for hypothesis.

8. Page 22: Write the definition of a case study.

8. Page 22: Write the definition of a case study.

9. Page 23: Find this sentence in the text, and fill-in the missing words. “The ________________ method looks at many cases in less depth. A ___________________ asks people to report their behavior or opinions.”

9. Page 23: Find this sentence in the text, and fill-in the missing words. “The ________________ method looks at many cases in less depth. A ___________________ asks people to report their behavior or opinions.”

10. Find this sentence in the text, and fill-in the missing words 10. Find this sentence in the text, and fill-in the missing words. “But asking questions is tricky, and the _____________________ often depend on the ways ______________________ are worded and respondents are chosen.

10. Find this sentence in the text, and fill-in the missing words 10. Find this sentence in the text, and fill-in the missing words. “But asking questions is tricky, and the _____________________ often depend on the ways ______________________ are worded and respondents are chosen.

11. Page 24-25: Write the definition for population.

11. Page 24-25: Write the definition for population.

12. Write the definition for random sample.

12. Write the definition for random sample.

13. Write the definition for naturalistic observations.

13. Write the definition for naturalistic observations.

14. Page 25: Write the definition of correlation.

14. Page 25: Write the definition of correlation.

15-17. Label each graph: Positive Correlation, Negative Correlation, No Correlation

15-17. Label each graph: Positive Correlation, Negative Correlation, No Correlation

18. Page 27: Find this sentence in the text, and fill-in the missing words. “A nearly irresistible thinking error is assuming that an _______________________, sometimes presented as a correlation coefficient, proves ________________________. But no matter how strong the _____________________, it does not prove anything!”

18. Page 27: Find this sentence in the text, and fill-in the missing words. “A nearly irresistible thinking error is assuming that an _______________________, sometimes presented as a correlation coefficient, proves ________________________. But no matter how strong the _____________________, it does not prove anything!”

19. Page 28: Find this sentence in the text, and fill-in the missing words. “Among men, for example, length of marriage correlates positively with ______________ _____________-- because both are associated with a third factor, __________.

19. Page 28: Find this sentence in the text, and fill-in the missing words. “Among men, for example, length of marriage correlates positively with ______________ _____________-- because both are associated with a third factor, __________.

20. Write the definition for illusory correlation.

20. Write the definition for illusory correlation.

21. Page 29: Do random sequences always look random?

21. Page 29: Do random sequences always look random?

22. Page 31: Write the definition for an experiment.

22. Page 31: Write the definition for an experiment.

23. Describe a double-blind procedure.

23. Describe a double-blind procedure.

24. Explain the placebo effect.

24. Explain the placebo effect.

25. Who is in the experimental group?

25. Who is in the experimental group?

26. Who is in the control group?

26. Who is in the control group?

27. Page 32: Define: independent variable.

27. Page 32: Define: independent variable.

28. Define: dependent variable.

28. Define: dependent variable.

29. Page 34: Define: Mode

29. Page 34: Define: Mode

30. Define: Mean

30. Define: Mean

31. Define: Mode

31. Define: Median

32. Page 36: Draw an example of a normal curve.

32. Page 36: Draw an example of a normal curve.

33. Page 37: “Representative samples are___________________ than biased samples.”

33. Page 37: “Representative samples are___________________ than biased samples.”

34. “Less-variable observations are _______________________________ than those that are more variable.”

34. “Less-variable observations are _______________________________ than those that are more variable.”

35. “More cases are _______________________ than fewer.”

35. “More cases are _______________________ than fewer.”

36. Define: statistical significance

36. Define: statistical significance

37. Page 39: Define: culture

37. Page 39: Define: culture

38. Page 41: What did the American Psychological Association (2002) guidelines mandate about animals in research?

38. Page 41: What did the American Psychological Association (2002) guidelines mandate about animals in research?

39. Page 42: “Occasionally, though, researchers do temporarily stress or deceive people only when they believe it  is ______________________________________.”

39. Page 42: “Occasionally, though, researchers do temporarily stress or deceive people only when they believe it  is ______________________________________.”