Thirty Years’ War ( ) Instability in the Holy Roman Empire (Page 159)

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Presentation transcript:

Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648) Instability in the Holy Roman Empire (Page 159) Deadliest European religious war … Devolves into political war … Hapsburg family vs. France

1517 - 1763 Reformation – 1517-1648 Absolutism – 1500’s to 1789 (French Revolution) Age of Exploration and Conquistadors – 1492 to 1550’s Scientific Revolution – 1500’s and 1600’s Enlightenment – 1600’s to 1700’s New France and French-Indian War – 1754 to 1763

Reformation (1517 – 1648) Calvinists Lutherans Anabaptists

Absolute Monarchs Charles V – Holy Roman Emperor Philip II of Spain Louis XIV Peter the Great Catherine the Great

Peace of Augsburg (1555) (Page 89) Peace settlement between Charles V & German Lutheran princes. Rulers can choose Catholicism or Lutheranism.

Ferdinand II (1619-1637) King of Bohemia and Hungary, “Holy Roman Emperor” Violates “Peace of Augsburg” & the “Letter of Majesty.” Wants to force Catholicism on subjects.

Defenestration (1618) Literally means “thrown out a window.” Two Catholic representatives were “defenestrated” in Prague.

Second Phase …

Cardinal Richelieu

Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648) First stage of war – Battle of White Mountain & atrocities in Bohemia. Third stage of war – One Side … Sweden (leadership of Gustavus Adolphus) Protestant League France (Catholic) Dutch Republic Denmark (1625-1629) Vs. Third stage of war One Side … Holy Roman Empire Spain * Catholic League Poland * Austria Denmark (1643-45)

Catholic League Protestant League

Peace of Westphalia (1648) Significant!!!!! Ends … Establishes … (1) Recognize Peace of Augsburg (1555) Calvinism now recognized (2) Minority Christian groups may practice religion (3) Sovereignty within boundaries

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