Enumerating and Describing Web Resources

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Presentation transcript:

Enumerating and Describing Web Resources Channel Definition Format (CDF) Meta Content Framework (MCF) Venkata Krishna Potta and Ketan Reddy Peddabachi Instructor: Dr. Michael Nelson 12/1/2018 CS 791/891 "Web Syndication Formats"

Presentation Overview Motivation CDF Understanding CDF Files Example Implementations CDF channel creation MCF Understanding MCF Building blocks Predefined Properties and Categories Conclusion References 12/1/2018 CS 791/891 "Web Syndication Formats"

CS 791/891 "Web Syndication Formats" Motivation There has always been the need for a standard way of representing or making data machine-usable. To achieve this, a number of techniques have been proposed in the past like MCF(1996), CDF(1997). MCF and CDF had succeeded in making metadata share a common data model and vocabulary. 12/1/2018 CS 791/891 "Web Syndication Formats"

CDF (Channel Definition Format) –An intro The Channel Definition Format (CDF) is a file format that provides a logical grouping of the information found on the internet. The CDF file defines “Channels” which enumerate a group of related Web sites. Was first introduced by Microsoft in the year 1997 Microsoft has removed CDF support from Internet Explorer 7. 12/1/2018 CS 791/891 "Web Syndication Formats"

Understanding CDF Files Standard text files Content indexing, independent of content format Hence a CDF-based channel can include any kind of Web content or applications built on HTML, JavaScript, Java, or ActiveX technology. Scheduled Web Crawlers 12/1/2018 CS 791/891 "Web Syndication Formats"

Example Implementations Microsoft Active Channel technology (supported by Microsoft Internet Explorer 4.0 or later ) Smart offline Favorites (supported by Internet Explorer 5 or later ) 12/1/2018 CS 791/891 "Web Syndication Formats"

Major CDF file elements CHANNEL/Sub channel: element to define the channel itself ITEM: defines a channel item, a unit of information which is available form a channel UserSchedule - reference to a client/user specified schedule TITLE, ABSTRACT: elements can be used to describe the contents of each item or channel element LOGO: defines an image to represent a channel or channel item 12/1/2018 CS 791/891 "Web Syndication Formats"

CS 791/891 "Web Syndication Formats" CDF channel creation 2 Step Process: Writing a CDF file with a list of URLs pointing to existing content Linking to this CDF file to make it discoverable. 12/1/2018 CS 791/891 "Web Syndication Formats"

CS 791/891 "Web Syndication Formats" Creating the CDF File Start and end the CDF file with the CHANNEL element <CHANNEL HREF=“http://cnn.com” LASTMOD="1998-11-05T22:12" PRECACHE="YES" LEVEL="1"> . </CHANNEL> 12/1/2018 CS 791/891 "Web Syndication Formats"

Creating the CDF File [Contd.] Nest TITLE and ABSTRACT elements within the CHANNEL element. <TITLE>Title of your Channel</TITLE> <ABSTRACT>Synopsis of your channel's contents.</ABSTRACT> 12/1/2018 CS 791/891 "Web Syndication Formats"

Creating the CDF File [Contd.] Create an update SCHEDULE. <SCHEDULE> <INTERVALTIME DAY="14"/> </SCHEDULE> 12/1/2018 CS 791/891 "Web Syndication Formats"

Creating the CDF File [Contd.] Add optional LOGO images. <LOGO HREF="http://cnn/folder/wideChannelLogo.gif" STYLE="IMAGE-WIDE"/> <LOGO HREF="http://cnn/folder/imageChannelLogo.gif" STYLE="IMAGE"/> <LOGO HREF="http://cnn/folder/iconChannelLogo.gif" STYLE="ICON"/> 12/1/2018 CS 791/891 "Web Syndication Formats"

Creating the CDF File [Contd.] Specify individual pages with the ITEM element, if desired. <ITEM HREF="http://cnn/folder/news.extension" LASTMOD="1998-11-05T22:12" PRECACHE="YES" LEVEL="1"> <TITLE>Sports Today</TITLE> <ABSTRACT>Synopsis of Sports Today content.</ABSTRACT> <LOGO HREF="http://cnn/folder/Logo.gif" STYLE=“image"/> <LOGO HREF="http://cnn/folder/Logo.gif" STYLE=“icon"/> </ITEM> 12/1/2018 CS 791/891 "Web Syndication Formats"

Creating the CDF File [Contd.] Save the text file with a .cdf extension. A sample CDF file 12/1/2018 CS 791/891 "Web Syndication Formats"

CS 791/891 "Web Syndication Formats" Linking the CDF file Linking your Web page to the CDF file depends on whether you are creating a Channel or an Offline Favorite. 12/1/2018 CS 791/891 "Web Syndication Formats"

Smart offline Favorites (IE 6.0) Favourites->Add to Favourites 12/1/2018 CS 791/891 "Web Syndication Formats"

Setting the Level element 12/1/2018 CS 791/891 "Web Syndication Formats"

Scheduling the updates 12/1/2018 CS 791/891 "Web Syndication Formats"

CS 791/891 "Web Syndication Formats" Why CDF? What's in it for Developers? CDF files give Web authors another way to organize their sites Personalized, password-protected content, log page hits, Active Channel screen savers etc can all be delivered to the user’s desktops. What's in it for Users? Offline browsing saves connection charges, navigation and download time users can elect to have updated information automatically delivered directly to their desktop Users can choose to monitor specific CDF files and only download the pages pointed to by that file. Sites are now more personalized and intuitive 12/1/2018 CS 791/891 "Web Syndication Formats"

Meta Content Framework (MCF) Definition: “The Meta Content Framework (MCF) is a tool to provide information about information.” Reference “Meta Content Framework was a specification of a format for structuring metadata information about web sites and other data.” Reference 12/1/2018 CS 791/891 "Web Syndication Formats"

CS 791/891 "Web Syndication Formats" Understanding MCF The conceptual building blocks Objects Categories Properties How these are stored? The Directed Linked Graph - mathematical model. 12/1/2018 CS 791/891 "Web Syndication Formats"

CS 791/891 "Web Syndication Formats" MCF Building blocks Objects They represent things in the real-world. Ex. Web pages, companies, people etc. Properties They give information about objects. Ex. Web page has properties like size, URL, author etc. Categories It specifies an objects’ property / property type. 12/1/2018 CS 791/891 "Web Syndication Formats"

Property vs property type: Example for property type is sizeInBytes, can be applied to any web page. If applied to a single object, it becomes property. Ex. For web page at http://www.textuality.com/ has sizeInBytes property whose value is 5,676. We can relate this to the ‘object’ and ‘instance’ concepts in OOP. 12/1/2018 CS 791/891 "Web Syndication Formats"

CS 791/891 "Web Syndication Formats" Property types They are also objects. They can have properties. Ex. sizeOfPage is property type, which can have properties like It can only be applied to web pages. Its value is a number. The number specifies bytes. We can create our own property types. 12/1/2018 CS 791/891 "Web Syndication Formats"

CS 791/891 "Web Syndication Formats" Category The value of the property type for an object species the category. Ex. Property type typeOf for an object can be applied in many ways. An object representing a person can be typeOfDoctor and typeOfGolfer. “Doctor” is an MCF object whose typeOf is Category. 12/1/2018 CS 791/891 "Web Syndication Formats"

Storing Objects and Properties We need syntax to store Objects, properties and categories so that humans can create them and computers can exchange and use them. To represent MCF we use XML. In XML an Object is represented by an element. Properties are represented by elements contained inside of object element. the type of element is the Category of the object. 12/1/2018 CS 791/891 "Web Syndication Formats"

CS 791/891 "Web Syndication Formats" Example 1 Example showing the Object, its properties in XML. <WebPage> <size>5676</size> <url>http://www.textuality.com</url> </WebPage> Object Properties 12/1/2018 CS 791/891 "Web Syndication Formats"

CS 791/891 "Web Syndication Formats" Example 2 Example showing an object whose property value is another object, mapped using a pointer. The IDs for the objects should be unique. <WebPage id=" www.textuality.com "> <size>5676</size> <url>http://www.textuality.com</url> <author unit="tbray@textuality.com"/> </WebPage> <Person id="tbray@textuality.com"> <email>tbray@textuality.com</email> <homePage unit=" www.textuality.com "/> </Person> Cross Referencing 12/1/2018 CS 791/891 "Web Syndication Formats"

Domain and Range Properties For a software that reads our MCF block, may not understand the author and homePage properties. To explain this we may use Domain and Range properties. These are similar to the ones in the Set Theory. They tell any computer program that knows MCF that the author property maps Web pages to people, and that homePage maps people to Web pages. 12/1/2018 CS 791/891 "Web Syndication Formats"

CS 791/891 "Web Syndication Formats" Example <WebPage id=" www.textuality.com "> <size>5676</size> <url>http://www.textuality.com</url> <author unit="tbray@textuality.com"/> </WebPage> <Person id="tbray@textuality.com"> <email>tbray@textuality.com</email> <homePage unit=" www.textuality.com "/> </Person> <PropertyType id="author"> <domain unit="WebPage"/> <range unit="Person"/> </PropertyType> <PropertyType id="homePage"> <domain unit="Person"/> <range unit="WebPage"/> <PropertyType id="size"> <domain unit="WebPage"/> <range unit="Integer"/> <PropertyType id="email"> <domain unit="Person"/> <range unit="String"/> 12/1/2018 CS 791/891 "Web Syndication Formats"

The Directed Linked Graph (DLG) Formalism Objects are represented by nodes. Properties by arcs. Labels on arcs represent Property types. Reference 12/1/2018 CS 791/891 "Web Syndication Formats"

Predefined property types and categories in MCF typeOf: Used to link objects to categories. <Person id="Bill Clinton"> <typeOf unit="American"/> <typeOf unit="Jogger"/> <typeOf unit="Politician"/> </PropertyType> Data Types: Java data types like Integer, Float, Boolean and Char. Domain and Range 12/1/2018 CS 791/891 "Web Syndication Formats"

Category Type : superType superType: Expresses a relationship between two Categories. <Category id="WebPage"> <description>Used as the typeOf any Web page</description> </Category> <Category id="NetscapePage"> <superType unit="WebPage"/> <description>Used as the typeOf any page at hom e.netscape.com</description> </Category > 12/1/2018 CS 791/891 "Web Syndication Formats"

Property type : superPropertyType PropertyType and superPropertyType: superProperties are generalizations of other properties. <PropertyType id="parent"> <domain unit="Person"/> <range unit="Person"/> </PropertyType> <PropertyType id="father"> <superPropertyType unit="parent"/> 12/1/2018 CS 791/891 "Web Syndication Formats"

Property type: FunctionalPropertyType FunctionalPropertyType: An object can have any number of typeOf properties. In some cases, though, you want only one property of a given type to apply to an object. <FunctionalPropertyType id="department-Number">  <domain unit="Department"/> <range unit="Integer"/> </PropertyType> 12/1/2018 CS 791/891 "Web Syndication Formats"

Category Type: mutuallyDisjoint mutuallyDisjoint: Whereas an object can have many Categories (via typeOf properties), some Categories are incompatible with each other. <Category id="Float"> <mutuallyDisjoint unit="Char"/> </Category> 12/1/2018 CS 791/891 "Web Syndication Formats"

CS 791/891 "Web Syndication Formats" Property Type: parent parent: Parent is a very general Property type commonly observed between objects. <Chapter id="c1"> <keyword>wildlife</keyword> </Chapter> <Section id="s1.1"> <keyword>mammals</keyword> <parent unit="c1"/> </Section> 12/1/2018 CS 791/891 "Web Syndication Formats"

Property type: inherits Inheritance: A single property applies to a great number of objects. <WebPage id="w0001"> <url>http://www.textuality.com/</url> <typeOf>TextualityPage</typeOf> </WebPage> <WebPage id="w0002"> <url>http://www.textuality.com/Lark/</url> <typeOf>TextualityPage</typeOf> <Category id="TextualityPage"> <superType unit="WebPage"/> <inherits propertytype="AuthorOrg" unit="TextualityInc"/> <inherits propertytype="SiteMap" unit="TextualitySiteMap"/> <inherits propertytype="CopyrightNotice"> Copyright © 1996-1997 Textuality Services, Inc. All rights reserved.</inherits> </Category> 12/1/2018 CS 791/891 "Web Syndication Formats"

CS 791/891 "Web Syndication Formats" Property types Compound Properties: Ex. Address. <Company id="Textuality"> <name>Textuality Services, Inc.</name> <address>321 - 3495 Cambie Street Vancouver B.C. Canada +1-604-708-9592</address> <streetAddress>321 - 3495 Cambie Street </streetAddress> <City>Vancouver </City> <Region>B.C. </Region> <Country>Canada </Country> <Telephone>+1-604-708-9592</Telephone> </Company> 12/1/2018 CS 791/891 "Web Syndication Formats"

Property types and categories [Contd.] Inverting Properties: In the normal MCF in XML we group a bunch of properties with an object. Some times we inverse this using the INVERSE attribute. <PropertyType id="parent"> <domain unit="Person"/> <range unit="Person"/> <superPropertyType unit="father" inverse ="true"/> <superPropertyType unit="mother" invers e="true"/> </PropertyType> 12/1/2018 CS 791/891 "Web Syndication Formats"

CS 791/891 "Web Syndication Formats" Conclusion MCF and CDF have not been widely accepted. Their use is very limited. But they have succeeded in laying the foundation for other techniques to represent metadata in a standard machine usable formats. 12/1/2018 CS 791/891 "Web Syndication Formats"

CS 791/891 "Web Syndication Formats" References http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Content_Framework http://www.textuality.com/mcf/MCF-tutorial.html http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa768024(printer).aspx http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa768024.aspx http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-CDFsubmit.html 12/1/2018 CS 791/891 "Web Syndication Formats"