Chapter 10 Section 1 Notes America Becomes a Colonial Power

Imperialism - When stronger nations extend their control over weaker nations by establishing colonies Why did U.S. get interested in doing this around the world by the late 1800s? 4 FACTORS (book says 3) 1. Other powerful countries were doing it. especially in Asia and Africa (next 2 slides) Africa = only 2 Independent Countries left! Asia = CHINA is a big market many countries want access to More info in Section 3 U.S. was pretty much done acquiring land from Native Americans by then

2. Trade Colonies: improvements in technology Faster shipping By 1890, American farmers and factories were producing more products than Americans could consume due to improvements in technology Faster shipping Colonies: A. became guaranteed markets for US businesses to sell products & increase profits B. allowed businesses to acquire cheap raw materials for production Oil, Rubber, Certain Minerals, etc…

U. S. Foreign Investments: 1869-1908 These graphs show how more U.S. $$$ began to be invested overseas (above) and how total U.S. exports clearly began to outpace U.S. imports by the 1890s How do you think the graph to the left would look if you analyzed data from the last 50 years?

3. Increase Military Strength Establish bases around the world to protect the U.S. Beliefs promoted by Alfred T. Mahan Admiral in U.S. Navy Wrote an influential book that said the U.S. should do 4 goals - A. Build up and modernize the Navy B. Establish a presence in the Caribbean C. Build a canal in Latin America D. Add territories in the Pacific Mahan (right) commanded The USS Chicago warship (left)

The US followed along with all his suggestions Mahan’s book The Influence of Sea Power on History: 1660-1783 became required reading for naval leaders around the world

4. Religious interests many believed it was their responsibility to spread Christianity and “civilize” the world Social Darwinism – Belief that White Christians with European ancestry are superior Dressed like native Chinese (1891) Single female (top middle) in Puerto Rico (1895)

How did U.S. get territory for the last 2 states?

Alaska state in 1959 49th state William Seward – member of Andrew Johnson’s cabinet Bought Alaska from Russia in 1867 for $7.2 Million 2 cents an acre! Many people in Congress thought it was a bad idea at the time $$$ could be better spent on rebuilding the South after the Civil War Its purchase got the nickname “Seward’s Folly” Ended up being an absolute bargain (timber, oil, minerals, etc…) The check used to buy Alaska!

Hawaii state in 1959 50th state Before annexation (adding) = Independent Kingdom Why did U.S. want Hawaii? A. As a port for ships on their way to Asia B. For trade with the islands (manufactured products for sugar) C: To Convert the islanders to Christianity King Kamehameha with Konohiki warriors unifying the islands 1810 Sugar cane plantation

Expansion of U.S. business interests in Hawaii (1875) Mainly sugar plantations (no slaves) Imported sugar to U.S. tax – free (competitive advantage!) Built Navy Base at Pearl Harbor with Hawaii’s permission (1887) Becomes important much later on! McKinley Tariff (1890) Takes tax – free status away from sugar More expensive to bring to U.S. now, Business owners mad! U.S. Business owners want Hawaii to be annexed

Queen Liliuokalani takes over (1891) Attempts to take away influence of U.S. businesses from Hawaiian gov. Business owners not happy (she is overthrown) Sanford Dole heads new govt Ran a big business too!!!

Hooks up his cousin with some land. Eventually starts A pretty profitable company

U.S. wants Hawaiians to vote for annexation (never happens) McKinley annexes the islands without a vote in 1898 WHY? _____________________________________________ Believes in “civilizing” and Christianizing the natives Clip on website

Common U. S. View of Hawaiians in the 1890s