An Introduction to Epictetus’s Stoicism

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Value & the Quest for the Good Introduction to Ethics Sarah Flashing, M.A.
Advertisements

Schools of Thought & Action Stoicism, Skepticism & Epicureanism.
Chapter 5 The Hellenistic Philosophers. Why is Hellenistic philosophy claimed by some to represent a decline in Greek thinking? Who was Diogenes and how.
Hellenism (100 BC – 300 AD) Hellenist culture was influenced by Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle as well as other non- philosophical ideas (religion) The.
The Moral Leader Topic 14 / Lesson 13. The Moral Leader Reading Assignment: Ethics for the Military Leader pages / 2nd edition Fundamentals of.
Quick Quiz Cave, Sun, Evil.
© Michael Lacewing Hume’s scepticism Michael Lacewing
Letter to Menoeceus and The Principal Doctrines Philosophy 1 Spring, 2002 G. J. Mattey.
Introduction to the Humanities Lecture 8 The Epicureans, The Stoics & The Skeptics By David Kelsey.
Hume on Taste Hume's account of judgments of taste parallels his discussion of judgments or moral right and wrong.  Both accounts use the internal/external.
Encheiridion Philosophy 1 Spring, 2002 G. J. Mattey.
Goals of Life Giving life a meaning. Goals of Life What do I want? –Security (artha) Necessities of life –Happiness (kaama) Conveniences beyond necessities.
The Problem of Knowledge. What new information would cause you to be less certain? So when we say “I’m certain that…” what are we saying? 3 things you.
Results from Meditation 2
CHAPTER 3 – DIFFERENT EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHIES
What is Philosophy? Ancient Greek Philosophy Main figures: Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle – known for: 1. Conceptual Precision 2. Logical analysis and.
Philosophers.
 Def: Philosophy – pursuit of wisdom; the search for an understanding of values and reality through observation and analysis; basic beliefs.
Kevin Vandergriff. Prior Probability in Terms of Simplicity Christian Theism Specified Naturalism (Hypothesis of Indifference) 1 - A maximally powerful.
The Philosophy of Plato. A Brief History of Plato  Born in Athens in 427 BCE  Disciple of Socrates  Plato’s philosophy was influenced by Socrates 
Post-Aristotelians. After defeat of Athens… a period of pessimism and concern with everyday well-being The Skeptics –Pyrrho of Elis (ca BC) considered.
Epicurean vs. Stoic Philosophy
 Doubt- to be uncertain about something, to hesitate to believe  Dualism- the belief that the mind and body are separate (but interact). Mind is a kind.
Stoics and Epicureans Two Philosophical Schools of Thought.
EXISTENCE OF GOD. Does God Exist?  Philosophical Question: whether God exists or not (reason alone)  The answer is not self-evident, that is, not known.
Ethics and Morals HRE 40 Unit 4 Mr. Carney.
PHILOSOPHY in the ancient world
Chapter 11 Happiness, Suffering, and Pessimism in Kierkegaard, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, and Mill.
© Michael Lacewing Kant on conceptual schemes Michael Lacewing osophy.co.uk.
“Cogito, ergo sum.” “I think, therefore I am.”.  chief architect of 17 th C intellectual revolution  laid foundations of ‘modern scientific age’
The Stoics Upul Abeyrathne, Dept. of Economics University of Ruhuna Matara.
Stoicism Justine Joo. Quick History  Founded in Greece by Zeno of Citium  ( BC)  From the “stoa” where he would teach his students  Was one.
Plato’s Allegory of the Cave Philosophy Philos – love, like, seeking Sophia - wisdom, knowledge, truth.
GREEK PHILOSOPHERS I can explain the importance of the Greek philosophers; Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle.
René Descartes Brandon Lee Block D.
Lauren Dobbs “Cogito ergo sum”. Bio  Descartes was a French born philosopher from the 1600’s.  He’s most famous for his “Meditations on First Philosophy”
Subjectivism. Ethical Subjectivism – the view that our moral opinions are based on our feelings and nothing more. Ethical subjectivism is a meta-ethical.
Anselm & Aquinas. Anselm of Canterbury ( AD) The Ontological Argument for the Existence of God (Text, pp )
An Outline of Descartes's Meditations on First Philosophy
Proof of God? Inquiries into the Philosophy of Religion A Concise Introduction Chapter 12 Faith and Reason By Glenn Rogers, Ph.D. Copyright © 2012 Glenn.
European Culture Greek Philosophy. Socrates, Plato, Aristotle (5 th & 4 th century BC) Socrates (470 – 399 BC) 1.Known mainly through the writings of.
The Stoics Honors World Studies Mrs. Steinke. The Stoics  Who were the Stoics?  The founder of Stoicism was Zeno of Citium, who lived and taught in.
Emotion. ● A working definition: a reaction or response related to sense perceptions, internal states, thoughts, or beliefs about things or people, real.
By Alisha MacIsaac. Passion  Hume is one of the main philosophers who focuses on the contradiction between passion and reason  Hume believes “The Will”
Ontological Argument (Ontological is from the Greek word for being, named by Kant) Learning Objectives To know the specification content To know the meaning.
Introduction to Philosophy
Philosophy Here and Now: chapter two
Lecture 1 What is metaphysics?

THE ONTOLOGICAL ARGUMENT 1
Freedom and Determinism
Plato’s Allegory of the Cave
Philosophy and History of Mathematics
Philosophy: New Schools of Thought
Plato’s Allegory of the Cave
Michael Lacewing Hume and Kant Michael Lacewing © Michael Lacewing.
March, 26, 2010 EPISTEMOLOGY.
Think pair share What type of argument is the cosmological argument?
Serenity Prayer “Give me the serenity* to accept the things I cannot change, courage to change the things I can, and wisdom to know the difference.” *serenity.
Anselm & Aquinas December 23, 2005.
Review of Key Ethical Ideas
Introduction to Philosophy Lecture 15 Ethics #1: Utilitarianism
Descartes -- Meditations Four
The Big Picture Deductive arguments - origins of the ontological argument Deductive proofs; the concept of ‘a priori’. St Anselm - God as the greatest.
Eudaemonism The Morality of Self-Realization
The Philosophiser A compendium of philosophical questions to get you thinking about thinking. Made by Mike Gershon –
March, 26, 2010 EPISTEMOLOGY.
Two Frameworks For Understanding The History Of Ethics
The business of life is more akin to wrestling than dancing, for it requires of us to stand ready and unshakeable against every assault, however unforeseen.
Three kinds of dependence
Presentation transcript:

An Introduction to Epictetus’s Stoicism

Some Facts about Stoicism Began Roughly 300 BC Lasted about 500 years Heavily influenced Spinoza Descartes was a major influence on Spinoza Stoic philosophers include: Zeno (founder) Seneca Marcus Aurelius Epictetus*

Epictetus 55 – 150 AD Wrote “The Encheiridion” Also known as “The Handbook”

Epictetus’ Beliefs To be completely happy, one must lack dissatisfaction with outside world, while also being intelligent and conscious. Impossible to attain all desires, so don’t even try. Instead of creating impossible desires that are not reasonable based on the external world, conform so that your desires are in line with the external world.

How To Put Yourself Into This State of Mind Realize that all external events are completely determined by prior states of the universe (form of Determinism – to be discussed later). Anyone who knows everything that happened prior to a moment would be able to accurately predict what will happen in the immediate future.

Stoicism as Determinism Universe is perfect in design Orderliness that links all parts Pattern is such that all local events could not have been otherwise

Aligning Your Desires Since all items in the universe happen only as they can (and could not have happened otherwise), dissatisfaction occurs when one’s desires do not align with this orderliness Example: Life is a mathematic equation. Just as 2+1=3, so too must each event produce a predictable and finite answer.

Level of Understanding Needed to Satisfy Desires Disagreement between Stoics Some believed a perfect knowledge of events is necessary Some believed a simple acceptance of this fact could produce satisfaction Perhaps a compromise: ordinary people only need to accept the fact, but other entities (i.e. the state) would need greater knowledge to attain greater satisfaction.

Objections to Stoic Determinism If true, then what moral responsibility do we have since the world could not be otherwise. Do you then have to regard as all things as indifferent since you cannot be dissatisfied with any state of nature? Aren’t the positive and negative values to life? Not just external world is indifferent, but also states of consciousness such as pleasure and pain.

Stoic Ethic “Nothing is good except moral virtue” Plausible since Stoics believed virtue was part of the perfect, natural world.

Quotes from Epictetus’s Handbook Some things are in our control and others not. Things in our control are opinion, pursuit, desire, aversion, and, in a word, whatever are our own actions. Things not in our control are body, property, reputation, command, and, in one word, whatever are not our own actions. Men are disturbed, not by things, but by the principles and notions which they form concerning things.  Do not seek to have events happen as you want them to, but instead want them to happen as they do happen, and your life will go well.

Focus Questions Discuss the validity of the objections to Stoicism. Provide arguments and counter arguments In what ways do we see Stoic ideas in Cartesian philosophy? How does Stoicism complicate the idea of free will? Does our physical world contain spontaneous acts which are unpredictable?