Topics Ecological and economical significance Ch. 29, Kingdom Fungi pp. 597-602. Topics Ecological and economical significance Typical structures of fungal body Fungal reproduction - life cycles Fungal phyla - cladogram

Ch. 29, Kingdom Fungi pp. 597-602. Fungi Eukaryotic, ~100,000 species, varied in shape, mostly terrestrial Chitin + complex carbohydrates in cell wall Not photosynthetic Heterotrophs - saprobic, some parasitic Important decomposers Spores to weather difficult conditions Very hardy organisms Resistant to wide ranges of osmotic and pH conditions, and temperature

Fungal Body Characteristics Ch. 29, Kingdom Fungi pp. 598-599. Mycelium - threadlike structures - hyphae Many hyphae - coenocytic; multicellular without frequent cross walls (c) Others - septa - contain one or more nuclei (c or d)

Fungal Reproduction Ch. 29, Kingdom Fungi p. 599-601. By spores - reproductive (asexual/sexual) cells usually haploid, microscopic, spread by wind/water/animals – sporangia – fruiting bodies – conidia – budding Sexual reproduction/cycle – pheromones – fusion of haploid hyphae – plasmogamy – dikaryotic stage – karyogamy resulting in zygote nucleus ---- Sexual sporangia

Typical fungal life cycle Ch. 29, Kingdom Fungi p. 600.

Six Phyla Fruiting bodies, sexual spores, molecular data Ch. 29, Kingdom Fungi p. 601-602. Six Phyla Fruiting bodies, sexual spores, molecular data – used for classification Table 29-1 Deuteromycota – Polyphyletic

Mycelium – tangled mass of individual hyphae – All Fungi are in large eukaryotic clade, Unikonts

Rhizopus (bread mold) sporangia and mycelium - Zygomycota

Rhizopus (bread mold) life cycle

Glomeromycota Ascomycota and Basidiomycota

Phylum ASCOMYCOTA – life cycle

ascocarps – fruiting bodies of Ascomycota

Ascomycota - ringworm

Ascomycota – brown rot

Peziza ascocarps, asci and ascospores ascus ascospores

Phylum BASIDIOMYCOTA Genus Agaricus - edible stalk cap gills

Coprinus basidipocarps, gills and basidiospores

Penicillium conidiophores and conidia - Phylum DEUTEROMICYCOTA earlier but (“imperfect” fungi) now in ASCOMYCOTA conidia conidiophores