Chemical Bonds Packet #6 Chapter #2 Saturday, December 01, 2018
Introduction Compound Molecule Chemical Bonds A substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio Molecule Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds. Chemical Bonds Forces by which atoms are able to bond together. An attraction between two atoms Results from the sharing of electrons. Results from the presence of opposite charges. Saturday, December 01, 2018
Types of Chemical Bonds Covalent Bonds Saturday, December 01, 2018
Covalent Bonds I A bond in which electrons are shared. Saturday, December 01, 2018
Types of Covalent Bonds Single Bond A covalent bond in which a single pair of electron is shared between bonded atoms. Two electrons are shared Provides an angle of 109.5˚ Double Bond Two pairs of electrons shared between two atoms Four electrons are shared Provides an angle of 120˚ Triple Bond Three pairs of electrons shared between two atoms Six electrons are shared Saturday, December 01, 2018
Covalent Bonds II Saturday, December 01, 2018
Covalent Bonds II Saturday, December 01, 2018
Types of Chemical Bonds II Saturated vs. Unsaturated Molecules Indicates that there are ONLY single bonds Unsaturated Molecules Indicates that double, or triple bonds, are present. Saturday, December 01, 2018
Saturated vs. Unsaturated Unsaturated molecules allow the formation of kinks. Saturday, December 01, 2018
Types of Chemical Bonds Ionic Bonds Saturday, December 01, 2018
Ionic Bond A bond that is formed by the attraction of two ions (cation & anion) of opposite charge Cation Positive charge Anion Negative charge Saturday, December 01, 2018
Ionic Bonds II Saturday, December 01, 2018
Types of Chemical Bonds Polar Bond Saturday, December 01, 2018
Polar Bond One atom on the compound being more electronegative and grabbing more electron density Saturday, December 01, 2018
Types of Chemical Bonds Non-Polar Bonds Saturday, December 01, 2018
Non-Polar Bond Joining of atoms with the same electronegativity Saturday, December 01, 2018
Types of Chemical Bonds Hydrogen Bonds Saturday, December 01, 2018
Hydrogen Bonds A strong non-bonding interaction that causes a quick, weak “chemical bond.” Occurs when a hydrogen atom, attached to a highly electronegative atom, interacts with a lone electron from a nearby electronegative atom. These bonds are broken almost immediately Depends on temperature. Saturday, December 01, 2018
Phases of Matter Liquid Solid Gas Elements and molecules can exist in all three phases Saturday, December 01, 2018
Phases of Matter II Saturday, December 01, 2018
Similar electronegativities Chemical Bonds Chemical Bonds Covalent Share e- Ionic Give & Take e- Polar Grabs e- density Non-Polar Similar electronegativities Hydrogen Quick Grab and Release Saturday, December 01, 2018
Molecules Chemical Formulas Saturday, December 01, 2018
Formulas in Biology Molecular Formulas Structural Formula Says what the molecule is made of and how many they are Structural Formula Shows how the molecule is orientated in space Saturday, December 01, 2018
Formulas in Biology II Saturday, December 01, 2018
Isomers Saturday, December 01, 2018
Same Chemical Formula; Different Structural Formula Isomers Isomer One of two, or more compounds, with the same chemical formula but different structural formula Stereoisomer Atoms are connected in the same order but have different 3D arrangements Enantiomer Stereoisomer that have a mirror-image relationship Diastereoisomer Stereoisomer that is not a mirror image. Isomer Stereoisomer Enantiomer Mirror Diastereoisomer Non-mirror Same Chemical Formula; Different Structural Formula Saturday, December 01, 2018
Isomers II Saturday, December 01, 2018
Isomers II Saturday, December 01, 2018
Chemical Reactions Saturday, December 01, 2018
Chemical Reactions I Two Parts 2H + 2Cl 2HCl Reactants Products What goes in! Products What comes out! Reactants Products Saturday, December 01, 2018
Review Saturday, December 01, 2018