Chapter 8 Covalent Bonding 8.2 The Nature of Covalent Bonding 8.1 Molecular Compounds 8.2 The Nature of Covalent Bonding 8.3 Bonding Theories 8.4 Polar Bonds and Molecules Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Covalent Compound Naming Practice Handout Do Now Complete the Covalent Compound Naming Practice Handout Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. .
The Octet Rule in Covalent Bonding Single Covalent Bond: atoms held together by sharing one pair of electrons Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
The Octet Rule in Covalent Bonding Structural Formula: represents covalent bonds as dashes and shows arrangement of covalently bonded atoms. H:H H-H Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
The Octet Rule in Covalent Bonding Double Covalent Bond: bond that involves two shared pairs of electrons Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
The Octet Rule in Covalent Bonding Triple Covalent Bond: a bond formed by sharing three pairs of electrons Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
The Octet Rule in Covalent Bonding Draw Lewis Dot Structures for each molecular compound: SiO2 HCl H2O HCN Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
The Octet Rule in Covalent Bonding Drawing Lewis Dot Structures: Determine # of valence electrons. Determine # of “octet” electrons. *Note*– Hydrogen gets 2 # bonds = (# valence e- - # octet e-) / 2 Arrange atoms with # bonds from step 3. Hydrogen & halogens bond one time Group 6A elements bond 2 times Group 5A elements bond 3 times Carbon always bonds 4 times Add electron pairs until all atoms have the correct number of electrons around them Recheck your answer. Make sure have correct # of e-. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Exceptions to the Octet Rule Molecules whose total number of valence electrons is an odd number. 2. Boron wants 6 electrons for neutral molecules. 3. Phosphorus and sulfur expand the octet to 10 or 12 electrons. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Ozone has two possible electron dot structures. Resonance Resonance structures: structures that occur when it is possible to draw two or more valid electron dot structures that have the same number of electron pairs for a molecule or ion. Ozone has two possible electron dot structures. Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Bond Dissociation Energies Bond Dissociation Energy: energy required to break the bond between two covalently bonded atoms. Bond Bond Dissociation Energy (kJ/mol) Bond Length (pm) C C 347 154 C = C 657 133 908 121 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
END OF 8.2 Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.