Seismic Waves P waves (primary waves) compress and expand the ground

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Presentation transcript:

Seismic Waves P waves (primary waves) compress and expand the ground first waves/fastest moving travel through solid, liquid, and gas

Seismic Waves S waves (secondary waves) travel at half the speed of P waves and arrive second travel through solids only strong enough to shake structures

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Seismic Waves Surface waves move most slowly produce severe ground movements; can cause ground to roll or buildings to shake back and forth.

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Measuring Earthquakes Richter Scale Finds the magnitude; a number assigned to an earthquake based on size. Depend on the size of the waves recorded by a seismograph.

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Comparing Magnitudes A 1-point increase on a scale represents an increase of 32-times more energy. The higher an earthquake is rated, the more energy it has and the more damage it can do.

Locating an Earthquake You need seismogram info from 3 places: Find the difference of arrival times between the P and the S waves. The difference is used to find the distance to the epicenter – the longer it takes, the farther away the epicenter. A circle is drawn around each point (location). The point where they all cross is the epicenter.

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Earthquake Risk Largely depends on how close a given location is to a plate boundary. In N. America, there are plate boundaries in California, Washington, and Alaska. Around the world, the Ring of Fire contains boundaries where several volcanoes and earthquakes occur.