MCL 704 : Applied Mathematics for Thermofluids: : Introduction

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Presentation transcript:

MCL 704 : Applied Mathematics for Thermofluids: 3-0-0-2 : Introduction P M V Subbarao Professor Mechanical Engineering Department I I T Delhi AMechanism for Faster and Deeper Learning of Themrofluids….

Thermofluids A Group of Engineering Sciences to Create Useful Actions for Human Development.

The Practical Solutions : Are they Well Planned? Earlier Development of Motive Power Systems: Dangerous & Inhuman Technologies

Thomas Savery As an English army officer, Thomas Savery was once ejected from the Lord of the Admiralty's office as a lunatic because he proposed a ship that could be propelled by side-mounted wheels rather than by wind or oars. He exhibited great fondness for mechanics, and for mathematicians natural philosophy and gave much time to experimenting, to the contriving of various kinds of apparatus, and to invention. http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blsavery1.htm

The Savery Engine Thomas Savery, July 2, 1698, patented the design of the first engine which had the most important advance in actual construction. A working model was submitted to the Royal Society of London.

Functional Diagram of Savery Engine

The Family of Steam Engines A Direct Hardware Creations to the Essential Need …..

James Watt Engine in Human Development Watt's Double-Acting Engine, 1784. The Watt Hammer, 1784. John Fitch, 1788 Trevithick's Locomotive, 1804 The " Atlantlc," 1832. Steam Engine Reached its pinnacle in size when it was called to drive 5 MW electric generator.

Sadi Nicolas Léonard Carnot 1814: After graduating, Carnot went to the École du Génie at Metz to take the two year course in military engineering. 1819: Carnot began to attend courses at various institutions in Paris. 1821: Carnot began the work which led to the mathematical theory of heat and helped start the modern theory of thermodynamics. The problem occupying Carnot was how to design good steam engines. Steam power already had many uses - draining water from mines, excavating ports and rivers, forging iron, grinding grain, and spinning and weaving cloth - but it was inefficient.

Carnot’s Thinking It irked Carnot particularly that the British had progressed so far through the genius of a few engineers who lacked formal scientific education. British engineers had also accumulated and published reliable data about the efficiency of many types of engines under actual running conditions. They vigorously argued the merits of low- and high-pressure engines and of single-cylinder and multi-cylinder engines. 1822 – 1823 : Carnot attempted to find a mathematical expression for the work produced by one kilogram of steam. Carnot's work is distinguished for his careful, clear analysis of the units and concepts employed and for his use of both an adiabatic working stage and an isothermal stage in which work is consumed. 1824 : Réflexions sur la puissance motrice du feu et sur les machines propres à développer cette puissance which includes his description of the; “ Mathematical Model for Carnot cycle".

Steam Power Plants : Generation of Cheap Source of Electricity ~1760 : James Watt ~1820 : Sadi Carnot Use of Mathematics Economized Engineering !!! W Rankine ~ 1860

Cheaper Modes of Transport Nicolaus A. Otto Rudolf Diesel Diesel developed an engine that was more than seven times more efficient than the (100 years evolved steam engine). George Brayton

Modern Perspective : Mathematical & Thermofluids Thermofluids- over and above its "physics" side offers an excellent opportunity to use mathematics. Thermofluid Sciences are the best for formal understanding of the higher mathematical apparatus. Tasks of a modern Engineer: Construction of mathematical models. Decision making on “where to use exact mathematical methods and where approximations”. Thermofluids offer ample opportunities to develop, learn and utilise mathematics.

Advantage of Mathematical Thermofluids Use of the proper mathematical apparatus is advantageous because it offers a more global viewpoint, shortens the time required to present the matter and avoids advanced physical explanations. Computational methods - nowadays so important - may lead to serious errors without the control of rigorous analytical check.