Classification.

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Presentation transcript:

Classification

Taxonomy-branch of biology that names and groups organisms according to their characteristics and evolutionary history -Aristotle-Greek philosopher, classified living things as plants or animals; 2,000 years ago *What would be some problems associated with this type of classification?

-Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778), Swedish naturalist, used an organism's morphology (form and structure) to categorize it

King Phillip Came Over From Germany Smiling Levels of Classification Kingdom Phylum/Division Class Order Family Genus Species King Phillip Came Over From Germany Smiling

Binomial Nomenclature-system of two-part names -Latin names -Italicized, genus and species name together=species name Ex. Homo sapiens Ex. Terrapene carolina Ex. Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus phylogeny-evolutionary history of an organism,helps to classify organisms

Phylogenetic Tree-family tree that shows evolutionary relationships, subject to change

Evidence for the construction of phylogenetic trees: Fossil Record Morphology Embryological Patterns of Development Chromosomes-karyotypes Comparing DNA, RNA, and proteins (lab)

Cladistics-uses shared derived characters of organisms to establish evolutionary relationships Ex.-feathers evolved in the bird group

Dichotomous Keys-help identify organisms according to their scientific names