Computer Hardware Prepared by:- Mr. Pawan Kumar Computer Lab Instructor (VTF) Govt. Polytechnic Meham(Rohtak)

Overview of Computer Hardware Motherboard CPU RAM Hard disk CD-ROM Floppy Disk Display Card Sound Card LAN Card

Motherboard It is the main circuit board that links all the hardware components together. There are many chips or IC (Integrated Circuit) on the motherboard which contains millions of transistors.

CPU (Central Processing Unit) It interprets and performs instructions of a computer program. The most determining factor in how powerful a computer is. A CPU in a common PC system is known as the microprocessor.

A model of Computer

CPU A CPU consists of two parts, the ALU and the CU. Both the ALU and the CU contains registers, which are high-speed memory temporarily hold data and instructions during processing.

Main Memory Storage media installed on the motherboard store data and instruction to be executed by the CPU Main memory is classified into RAM ROM

RAM RAM – Random Access Memory RAM is volatile data is lost when the power to the computer is turned off The instructions and data for the job performing are written to RAM and read from it as needed.

RAM Two operations of RAM Types of RAM Loading means copying data from the secondary storage to the main memory Saving means copying data from RAM to the non-volatile secondary storage. Types of RAM SRAM DRAM

ROM ROM – Read Only Memory ROM is non-volatile Data are stored permanently Data can only be read but cannot be changed Store instructions and tells the computer how to load the operations system when booting up Basic Input/Output System (BIOS)

CMOS CMOS - Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Memory It has the characteristics of both ROM and RAM, ie: it is non-volatile information in CMOS can be changed In computer, CMOS stores the configuration information about a computer like capacity of the hard disk and the current time and date.

Ports and Interface Cards The interface between peripheral devices and the CPU. A port is built on the motherboard while an interface card is inserted into slots on the motherboard. Sometimes, an interface card may become a built-in function on the motherboard.

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