Nutrition Ch. 15 Sect 1.

Energy & Nutrients Food provides your body with energy and nutrients it needs to survive. The digestive system processes food and releases energy that is used for cellular processes and activities. Calorie- the amount of energy it takes to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1°C. Weight, age, activity level, and gender determines the amount of energy a person needs. Nutrients- substances that provide energy & materials for cell development, growth and repair.

Groups of Nutrients

Proteins & Carbohydrates Protein- large molecule that is made of amino acids and contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur (sometimes). Relays signals between cells, disease protection, cell support, & speeding up chemical reactions. Carbohydrates – molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Major source of energy. 3 Forms: Starches, sugars, and fibers.

Fats, Vitamins, Minerals, & Water Fats are lipids, provide energy, and help absorb vitamins. Major part of cell membrane. Vitamins- needed for growth, regulation of body functions, and prevention of diseases. Minerals – inorganic nutrients (No Carbon) that help the body regulate many chemical reactions. Water needed for chemical reactions.

Healthful Eating Nutritious foods come from major food groups. A balanced diet includes carbohydrates, proteins, fat, vitamins, minerals, and water. Food labels help you determine the amount of each nutrient group in that food.