Cellular Specialization

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Presentation transcript:

Cellular Specialization

Start of Life Fertilization- sperm + ova = ZYGOTE (single cell, full set DNA) Zygote – divides by mitosis into 2 cells, then 4 cells…….full organism! Cells DIVIDE AND SPECIALIZE

Tissue Types Specialized cells: perform common function called tissues Tissues: group of similar cells that have a common structure and function.

1. EPITHELIAL TISSUE Covers and protects organs, inside (lining of organs) & outside (skin) Also Secretes, absorbs, filters

Ex. Skin Protects underlying tissues

Salivary glands Secrete saliva

Ex. Small intestine Cells that absorb nutrients

Ex. Kidneys Cells in kidneys that filter blood

2. Connective Tissues Binds and supports tissues & organs for protection & nutrients Most abundant, widely distributed

Ex. Cartilage Protects bone extremities

Ex. Blood tissue Transports substances like oxygen, carbon dioxide

Ex. Bone tissues Supports and protects body

Ex. Fatty tissues Stores nutrients as fats

3. Nerve Tissue Helps to control and guide the body Receive, process, and transmit messages between the brain & body Ex. Nerves, spinal cord, brain

4. Muscle Tissue Tissues that contract & relax (spring like) Make body or parts move

Skeletal (voluntary): attached to bones Smooth (involuntary) : lining of organs ex. Stomach, bladder, uterus, blood vessels 3. Cardiac(involuntary): only in heart

Structure of Body Tissue: group of cells that have common structure and function Organs: composed of two or more tissue types performing one or more specific functions. Ex. Stomach (fig 5.17) Muscle tissues: contract and relax crushing food Epithelial tissues: secrete gastric juices Connective tissues: hold stomach together (shape) Nerve Tissues: control activity in stomach

3. Systems Group of organs & tissues working together to accomplish a common function. ex. Digestive system: esophagus, Stomach, small intestine, large intestines Many systems (see fig. 5.19)