James I 1603-1625 Becomes King when Elizabeth I dies Fights with Parliament over taxes & money Survives the Gunpowder Plot assassination attempt
Charles I 1625-1649 Struggles with Parliament Signs the Petition of Right - further limits rights of the king After dissolving parliament, a Civil War against the armies of Parliament Executed for treason
Oliver Cromwell 1649-1658 Puritan army general Abolishes the monarchy Rules as a military dictator Has Charles I executed
The Commonwealth of England Rule by the “Rump” Parliament Puritan reforms for the “nation’s morals” Religious toleration for the 1st time
Charles II 1658-1685 Exiled to France during Cromwell’s rule Restores the monarchy after Cromwell’s death Dissolves Parliament over his brother as heir Saw the formation of the Whig & Tory Parties
James II 1685-1688 Brother of Charles II Roman Catholic, which upset Protestants in England Struggles with Parliament Overthrown in the Glorious Revolution – “peaceful”
William & Mary 1688-1762 Offered the throne by Parliament Mary is James II daughter Begins a Constitutional Monarchy Share power with Parliament