Warm Up The “Virgin Queen” Elizabeth I died in 1603 without an heir after 44 years on the throne. Elizabeth I never married or had children, and she was the last of her father, King Henry VIII’s, descendants She died without naming a successor, someone who would rule England after her death. King James of Scotland, a cousin through her grandfather Henry VII, was selected to rule because his was the strongest claim to the throne.

James I 1603-1625 Becomes King when Elizabeth I dies Fights with Parliament over taxes & money Founds Jamestown colony Survives the Gunpowder Plot assassination attempt

Charles I 1625-1649 Struggles with Parliament Signs the Petition of Right - limits rights of the king After dissolving parliament, a Civil War against the armies of Parliament Executed for treason

Oliver Cromwell 1649-1658 Puritan army general Abolishes the monarchy Rules as a military dictator Has Charles I executed

The Commonwealth of England Rule by the “Rump” Parliament Puritan reforms for the “nation’s morals” Religious toleration for the 1st time

Charles II 1658-1685 Exiled to France during Cromwell’s rule Restores the monarchy after Cromwell’s death Dissolves parliament Known as the “Merry Monarch”

James II 1685-1688 Brother of Charles II Roman Catholic, which upset Protestants in England Struggles with Parliament Overthrown in the Glorious Revolution – “peaceful”

William & Mary 1688-1762 Offered the throne by Parliament Mary is James II daughter Begins a Constitutional Monarchy Share power with Parliament

Exit Ticket What was Oliver Cromwell’s religion? What was his job before he took power in England? Why do you think he was able to overthrow the English monarchy?