Chapter 18 Section 3 Monarchy in England

Warm UP- DefineKey Terms Puritans Charles I Royalists Oliver Cromwell Commonwealth Restoration Charles II William and Mary Glorious Revolution Constitutional monarchy

Tale of Two Governments English Parliament English Crown Has two houses. House of Lords Nobles would be born into this role House of Commons Had less power but allowed for common people to have a say. The Royal Family who controls England. One is born into this role. Called Parliament to session.

The Tudors and Parliament Henry VIII and Elizabeth I part of Tudor Dynasty Parliament placed curbs on the monarchy Both father and daughter knew how to work Parliament

The Tudors and Parliament Henry VIII created the protestant Church 1534 Act of Supremacy ended popes power Mary I became queen (Bloody Mary) Made England Catholic again

The Tudors and Parliament Elizabeth returned it to Protestant (Anglican Church of England) Parliament pressured Elizabeth to marry She refused Elizabeth let Parliament members to speak their minds

The Stuarts and Parliament King James I came from Scotland Member of the Stuarts Believed in the divine right of kings Was low on funds from past wars Difficulty getting along with parliament

The Stuarts and Parliament Parliament rarely approved what James wanted Puritans- group of strict Calvinists Demanded reform in the Church of England Wanted to purify the church of catholic practices

The Stuarts and Parliament Puritans goal was to take power away from the church Wanted reforms James granted one request to print the Bible in English Known as the King James Bible

Charles I defies Parliament 1625 Charles I is crowned Married a Catholic princess 1628 petitioned parliament for money Had to sign the Petition of Right document

Petitions of Right King could not levy taxes without parliament’s approval Could not imprison someone without justification Force citizens to house soldiers Declare martial law during peacetime

Charles I defies Parliament First challenge to absolute monarchy When Parliament again refused to give him money Taxed English on his own Forced bankers to give him money Charles dismissed parliament in 1629

The English Civil War Charles was badly in debt reconvenes Parliament Long Parliament Took opportunity to further limit the King’s power Demanded Parliament meet once every three years

War with Parliament Radical Puritan group wanted to abolish appointment of bishops in Anglican Church Power was the king’s and he was outrages Charles I led troops to Parliament Radicals had escaped

War with Parliament 1642 English Civil War, Parliament rises against the king King had to rely on contributions, Parliament had taxes Royalists supported the king-nobles Roundheads supported Parliament

War with Parliament Cromwell became Commander-In-Chief of Parliaments army 1646 King surrenders Cromwell dismissed all members who disagreed with him Rump Parliament-those who were left

Trial and Execution Rump Parliament charged the king with treason January 30, 1649 king was beheaded in from of his palace Charles I some saw him as a tyrant, some as a martry

England under Cromwell Next 11 years complete changes in government House of Commons abolished the House of Lords Outlawed monarchy

England under Cromwell Commonwealth-republican government based on the common good of the people 1653 Cromwell becomes Lord Protector of England, Scotland, Ireland Demanded strict obedience Closed the theatres Limited forms of popular entertainment

A Defender of Absolutism Cromwell, King’s death and war troubled many Thomas Hobbes (loyalist) fled to France Wrote Leviathan Describes humans as naturally selfish, and fearful

A Defender of Absolutism Hobbes argued that people need a powerful monarch Need to be told how to live Writings sparked controversy in England (balance of people representatives and monarchy)

The Restoration 1658 Cromwell’s son took over after Oliver’s death Restoration-Parliament voted to bring the monarchy 1660 son of Charles I Becomes Charles II

Reign of Charles II Had to watch his step Supported religious toleration for Catholics Parliament wanted to strengthen Church of England Charles reopened the theatres

Reign of Charles II Habeas Corpus Act-1679 guaranteed that someone accused of a crime has the right to appear in court to determine if they should be held or released

Reign of Charles II One of the most important acts in English history 1665 Bubonic Plague hits kills 100,000 in London Great fire of London destroys large parts of the city Charles supports reconstruction

James II Brother of Charles and a Catholic Married a Catholic princess James II crowned king Believed in right to rule as absolute monarch

James II English people did not want to tolerate his belief’s Glorious Revolution James daughter Mary and her Husband William become king and queen Came from the Netherlands James fled to France

Changes in Government Parliament crowned the new king and queen English Bill of Rights- signed before taking the throne Prevented monarchs from raising taxes without parliament’s consent

Changes in Government Bill of Rights was reflected in United States Constitution Constitutional Monarchy- term for monarchy limited by law England rejected the absolute monarch who ruled by divine right