Warm-Up Scenario The community harvest has failed due to bad weather. There are animals in the temple but they’re protected by law. Your cousin steals one of the protected pigs to feed his family. You tried to persuade him not to steal the pig. Your cousin is caught. He must pay 30 times the cost of a pig. He cannot afford it so he is sentenced to death. Is this fair?

Early Legal Codes LG 3: Identify the impact of Hammurabi’s Code of Laws and the Ten Commandments. (TEKS/SEs 20B)

Vocabulary used today Polytheism: Monotheism: Theocracy:

Babylonian Empire 2,000 BC – nomadic warriors invade Sumer Establish Babylonian Empire Greatest leader is Hammurabi Developed world’s 1st uniform legal code Uniform: organized & applied to everyone Hammurabi’s Code of Laws Goal: Unify diverse groups within the empire by having a common legal code Engraved in stone and spread all over empire! Different punishments for rich & poor, men & women Based on principle of retaliation: “An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth”

Spread of the Israelites 1st - Migrated from Mesopotamia to Palestine 2nd - Drought led them to migrate from Palestine to Egypt 3rd - Enslaved in Egypt until Moses (parting of the Red Sea - “let my people go”) 4th - Returned to Palestine

Israel & Judah Established a small state in Palestine split into 2 kingdoms Israel in the North Judah in the South – Jerusalem is capital

Evolution of Judaism Through exile and migration, Judaism evolved One God (monotheism) Torah - Sacred writings (also the Old Testament in Christianity) Ten Commandments Jews believe they are moral laws given to them by God for them to follow

Spread of Judaism Idea of monotheism spreads in the region due to migrations, captivity, powerful kingdoms Provided foundation for both Christianity and Islam Romans forced them to far ends of empire Jewish Diaspora

Compare/Contrast Using the handout, compare/contrast Hammurabi’s Code with the Ten Commandments