Pharmacology Basics Chapters 1 & 2

CH 1 Introduction to Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutic Applications

What role does an LVT play in pharmacology? Recognizes __________________ (allergic and anaphylactic) and side effects to medications Monitors ___________________ and recovers patients Monitors ____________________ patients’ response to medications ____________________ medications as prescribed _____________ medications to clients, ___________________ how to administer, ______________ their questions _______________________ why patients are on certain medications Fill drug _____________ and correctly write drug ___________ Properly _______________ administered medication Correctly _________________ drug doses

Important points to remember All drugs are potentially ________________. Drug safety may depend on its ____________ of administration. Many medications are ____________-specific. Be cautious of getting too __________________ with medications. The published ___________________ does not always produce a safe dose. When you begin to administer the same medications routinely, inappropriate dose calculations should “feel wrong”.

What’s in a name? Benadryl TRADE NAME Also called the _________________ name Written in capital letters or begins with a capital letter Considered a proper noun May only be used by the company that registered the drug Registered by the U.S. Patent Office (approved by the USDA) May have _____ or _____ next to the name to imply that the product is registered Benadryl

What’s in a name? GENERIC NAME Also called the ____________________ name Written in ___________ case Official identifying name of the drug Describes the active drug(s) in the product Easier to pronounce than the chemical name diphenhydramine hydrochloride

What’s in a name? CHEMICAL NAME Describes the chemical structure of the drug (structure is sometimes seen on package inserts) Long, wordy, hard to say Rarely used when describing medications 2(Diphenylmethoxy)-N,N-dimethylethylamine hydrochloride

Dose vs Dosage _______________= determination of the amount of drug to be given. Requires calculation. 15 mg/kg, 10 g/lb _______________= amount of drug administered to a patient at one time. Stated in units of mass (mg, g, gr, etc. ), NOT tablets or milliliters. 50 mg

Dosage forms- oral solids _______________ – powdered drug compressed into disk Molded: chewable, mixed with a sugar and flavored Enteric-coated: have coating that protects the drug against the acidity of the stomach; allows it to remain intact until the small intestines. _______________– powdered drug compressed into capsule-shaped tablet ___________(aka CAPSULE)- container made of gelatin that house a powder or liquid. ______________ (aka lozenge) – powdered drug in a hard, candy-like tablet that is kept in the mouth and slowly dissolved ____________________– medication placed in the rectum where it is dissolved and absorbed _______________- large rectangular tablets given to large animals with a balling gun

Dosage forms- oral liquids ________________- drug is completely dissolved in a liquid and does not settle out or precipitate when left standing Syrup: drug is dissolved in sugar water Elixir: drug is dissolved in alcohol and flavored ________________- drug that does not dissolve within liquid, but settles at the bottom of a container. Needs to be shaken to evenly resuspend. Emulsion: drug is mixed with a liquid fat or an oil ______________- semisolid that keeps its form at body temperature