Anatomy ENM426 Mümtaz S. ERDEM 2004

Objective 11 Primary Systems Definitions, functions, etc… Skeletal System Reference Planes

This diagram is a quick reminder of what the structured levels in the body are. Some scientists/doctors spend their entire careers studying a particular level. Work physiology is basically concerned with the last two levels (system and organismic).

Principal Body Systems Integumentary Skeletal Muscular Cardiovascular Lymphatic Nervous Endocrine Respiratory Digestive Urinary Reproductive Work physiology normally focuses on: Muscular System Cardiovascular System Respiratory System Neurological System (more recently) Why? Because our current technology permits us to easily measure the response of these systems. What do you need to know? What the systems are. Be able to define them. Know what the functions are.

Next are the “Principal Systems” of the Human Body. Integumentary (Skin)(Dermatologist) Definition: The skin and structures derived from it, such as hair, nails, and sweat and oil glands. Integument means to cover or wrap (enclose). Function: Helps regulate body temperature, protects the body, eliminates waste, synthesizes vitamin D, and receives certain stimuli such as temperature, pressure, and pain. Skeletal (Orthopedic) Definition: All the bones of the body, their associated cartilage's, and the joints of the body. Function: Supports and protects the body, provides leverage, produces blood cells, and stores minerals.

Muscular (Orthopedic) Definition: All the muscle tissue of the body, including skeletal, visceral, and cardiac. Function: Participates in bringing about movement, maintains posture, and produces heat. Cardiovascular (Cardiology) Definition: Blood, heart, and associated vessels. Function: Distributes oxygen and nutrients to the cells, carries carbon dioxide and wastes from the cells, maintains the acid-base balance in the body, protects against disease, prevents hemorrhage by forming blood clots, and helps regulate body temperature.

Lymphatic (ENT or Internist) Definition: Lymph, lymph nodes, lymph vessels, and lymph glands, such as the spleen, thymus gland, and tonsils. Function: Returns proteins and plasma to the cardiovascular system, transports fats from the digestive system to the cardiovascular system, filters the blood, produces white blood cells, and protects against disease. Nervous (Neurologist) Definition: Brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sense organs, such as the ear and eye. Function: Regulates body through nerve impulses.

Endocrine (Endocrinologist) Definition: All glands that produce hormones. Function: Regulates body activities through hormones transported by the cardiovascular system. Respiratory (Lung Specialist) Definition: The lings and a series of passageways leading into and out of them. Function: Supplies oxygen, eliminates carbon dioxide, and helps regulate the acid-base balance of the body.

Digestive (Gastroenterologist) Definition: A long tube and associated organs such as the salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Function: Performs the physical and chemical breakdown of food for use by cells and eliminates solid wastes. Urinary (Urologist) Definition: Organs that produce, collect, and eliminate urine. Function: Regulates the chemical composition of blood, eliminates wastes, regulates fluid and electrolyte balance and volume, and helps maintain the acid-base balance of the body.

Reproductive (OB/GYN & Urologist) Definition: Organs (testes and ovaries) that produce reproductive cells, and organs that transport and store reproductive cells. Function: Reproduces the organism.

Summary 11 Primary Systems Definitions, functions, etc… Skeletal System Reference Planes

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