All (Joe starts)

Overview Background Problem Statement Client Requirements Designs Design Evaluation Future Work Arin

Background Fluoroscopy- Real time X-ray imaging Focus- Neck and Spine Fractures Used when other techniques fail http://www.perthradclinic.com.au/fluoroscopy_files/image004.jpg Arin

Problem Statement Current methods for observing a patients neck under fluoroscopy are overly difficult. Technicians have to physically move the patient’s head in various positions with their hands while the examination is taking place. This is time consuming and potentially dangerous. We are designing a device that will flex and extend the head about the neck.  It provides rotation about the spine isocentric to the normal rotation point for flexion and extension, without obstructing radiographic imaging. Kyle

Client Requirements Mimic natural flexion and extension of neck 45º extension and 25º flexion Low X-ray attenuation One person operation One device Safety Kyle

Design Goals Portable Easy access for patient Remote operation Cost less than $10,000 Smooth and comfortable motion Universal Kyle

Materials Must have low x-ray attenuation Ben http://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/XrayMassCoef/tab4.html

Cable Design Cables control head rotation Achieved by “reeling” mechanism Ben

Cable Design Evaluation Advantages Inexpensive Works easily with motor Provides good control Disadvantages Takes up a lot of space May not be universal Safety Ben

Airbag Design Use air to move headboard Achieve desired angles by the amount of air pumped in Air pumped in at a constant rate Joe

Airbag Design Evaluation Advantages Easy to use One man operation Slow and steady rotation Disadvantages Bulky, not universal May not mimic the exact movement of neck Not precise Joe

Haughton Design Hinge at base for rotation Head support slides on arms Rests on table Arin

Haughton Design Evaluation Advantages Precise movement Portable Universal Safety Disadvantages Complexity Cost Arin

Design Matrix CABLE AIRBAG HAUGHTON TOTAL Category Weight Portability 20 10 15 18 Easy Of Use 8 6 Cost 5 Neck Movement 14 Patient Safety 12 16 Durability 7 Complexity 4 3 Accuracy 1 TOTAL 100 64 58 85 Joe

Future work Develop working prototype Preliminary tests on humans Obtain or design head support Obtain suitable motor Design remote control interface Preliminary tests on humans Obtain certification from IRB Test on actual patient Joe

References http://www.perthradclinic.com.au/fluoroscopy_files/image004.jpg http://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/XrayMassCoef/tab4.html B.A. Schueler, “General Overview of Fluoroscopic Imaging,” Radiography 20, 1115 (2000). Joe

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