Chemistry of LIFE

What’s the matter???

Matter is made of… Atoms  e- N P+ e- P+ N Nucleus

Protons In Nucleus Charge is positive +  P+ P+ P+

Neutrons  N In Nucleus Charge: 0 neutral N N

Electrons e- Orbit Nucleus  e- e- Charge is Negative -

Quiz Question #1 Name the 3 subatomic particles.

Substance that consists of only one kind of atom Element Substance that consists of only one kind of atom

Isotopes are the same atom with different numbers of Neutrons Hydrogen Atoms

Then what is a Compound??

A compound is formed by the chemical combination of different atoms.

Quiz Question #2 What is a compound made from?

What Kinds of Chemical Bonds are there?

Ionic bonds are strong bonds in which atoms gain and lose electrons  e- e-  e- e- e- Electron is transferred between two neutral charged atoms e- + e- -  e-  e- e- e- e- Atoms of ionic compound charged

Covalent bonds are between atoms which share electrons

Water has a covalent bond with electrons shared unevenly Charge is uneven Molecule is bent

Quiz Question #3 Name the type of bonding that shares electrons.

Uneven charge (Polarity) results in COHESION Uneven charge (Polarity) results in COHESION. Water molecules are attracted to each other Attraction

Cohesion Pulls water molecules together Cohesion Pulls water molecules together. This is strongest at the surface. Which Means…

Uneven Charge Results in adhesion Uneven Charge Results in adhesion. Water molecules are attracted to other substances.

Adhesion and cohesion allow water to travel long distances in a narrow tube

The Chemical properties of H2O are responsible for Ice being less dense than liquid water

Quiz Question #4 Explain why water has the properties of cohesion and adhesion.

PH: 8-14 PH: 0-6 Contain: more OH- ions Contain: more H+ ions Acids Bases PH: 8-14 Contain: more OH- ions PH: 0-6 Contain: more H+ ions

In our body Acids and Bases are Buffered Homeostasis maintains a PH of 6.5-7.5 in humans

We constantly consume and use stronger acids and bases OJ Coke You Soap Bleach

Quiz Question #5 What pH’s would be named “acids”?

Organic Chemistry/ Carbon Chemistry Chemistry of compounds with Carbon

What Makes Carbon Special? It has 4 electrons to share in covalent bonds

C C Forms Single Bonds O Double Bonds Triple Bonds Bonds with other atoms O C C H

Quiz Question #6 What physical property makes carbon a special element?

Carbon forms 4 important compounds in living things

Living things use Carbohydrates for energy

Polysaccharides= Starches Monosaccharide= simple sugar Polysaccharides= Starches

Lipids store energy, and make up cell membranes Fatty Acids Glycerol

Lipids store energy, and make up parts of our cell membranes WE eat lipids in…

Proteins are made of long amino acid chains Amino acids: 20 kinds and they determine shape

Proteins DO… Regulate cell processes Fight disease Control reactions Move materials Build, Bone, Muscle, ect.

We Eat Proteins in…

When we eat organic molecules our bodies use them for energy Lipids (fats): 9 kcal per gram Carbohydrates: ~4 kcal per gram

Nucleic acids are important in the transfer of genetic information Nucleic acids are important in the transfer of genetic information. Known as DNA and RNA. Made of pieces called nucleotides.

Quiz Question #7 What are the 4 organic compounds we sutdy in biology?

Chemical reactions Form bonds Break bonds store energy release energy

Some reactions require activation energy to begin. Often high heat

Enzymes are catalysts allowing reactions with lower activation energy http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hKoB0MHVBvM

Quiz Question #8 What is activation energy?