Chapter 12 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis Section 12.2 DNA DNA is dynamite!

I. The Structure of DNA DNA = Deoxyribonucleic Acid Contains all information to make genetic code

I. The Structure of DNA DNA is composed of nucleotides Nucleotides are composed of 3 structures: Deoxyribose: Phosphate grp: Nitrogen base:

DNA Components

I. The Structure of DNA 4 types of Nitrogen bases: Adenine: A Guanine: G Cytosine: C Thymine: T

I. The Structure of DNA Adenine & Guanine = _______________ Cytosine & Thymine = _______________

II) The Double Helix DNA is in shape of __________ Double Helix: 2 nucleotide chains __________________ Nucleotides are connected using covalent bonds Nitrogen bases are connected by hydrogen bonds

II) The Double Helix ___ purine will always be connected to _____ pyrimidine

III) Complementary Base Pairing Comp. Base Pairs: Nitrogen bases that pair together to connect the nucleotides of DNA Adenine : ____________ Guanine : Base Pairing rules:

DNA

Replication of DNA

IV. Replication of DNA Process of copying DNA to create more DNA

IV. Replication of DNA Replication Steps Nucleotide chains separate at Nitrogen base by _____________ Each chain will act as _________ (pattern) to copy new nucleotide Replication fork: location of nitrogen base separation

IV. Replication of DNA Helicases: __________ that will move along DNA strand to break _______ between the Nitrogen bases DNA Polymerases: _______ that will bind the new nucleotide to the ________ _____ new strands of DNA are created

IV. Replication of DNA DNA replication will occur in several different place and the same time

V. Accuracy and Repair Mutation: miss match of complementary base pairs Mutations can be corrected by _____________________________