EARLY MODERN ERA! 1450-1750

Middle Ages  Renaissance (600-1450) (Late 1400s) People begin to spend less time thinking about religion and God and more time thinking about the natural world around them.

RECAP: What were the effects of the Crusades?

What were the effects of the Crusades? Interaction with Muslim and Byzantine civilization Increased trade  Growth of cities  wealth Discovery of Greek and Roman texts  More diverse academic interests Awareness of the “rest of the world”  Curiosity  Desire to explore

CRUSADES ART POLITICS (and exploration) SCIENCE Renaissance NEW IDEAS!! in… POLITICS Absolute Monarchs SCIENCE Scientific Revolution **all of these are happening and progressing during the same time in the Early Modern Era.

How do the Crusades lead to the Renaissance? Increased wealth As cities grow and some merchants become very wealthy (especially in Italy – trading ports) These wealthy men become patrons (sponsors of artists and scientists) and have no connection with the Church More diverse academic interests People no longer have to be a member of the Church to be well-educated, and so academics begin studying non-religious matters (philosophy, science, engineering, architecture, etc.) Desire to explore As people become more aware of the wide world around them, they focus more of their time thinking about this Earth, rather than the Kingdom of Heaven

Secular Humanism Secular: not religious Humanism: placing the study and progress of human nature at the center of interests We can better understand this idea by looking at art throughout the end of the Middle Ages/early Renaissance… Renaissance art really was from 1400s-1600s

Madonna and Child in Glory Setting? Heaven - common for artists to use gold to symbolize heaven Who is depicted? Realistic? Size, halos Hieratic scale – saints, members of the Church, important figures larger than others Madonna and Child in Glory Jacopo di Cione, 1391

Miraculous Mass of St. Martin of Tours Franconian School, 1440 Realistic? Perspective is “off” – each item is accurate but it is not quite right (Early Renaissance – everything by eye, not math). Still gold to represent heaven, but less so – begins to show a small interest in the world around them (painting a church, not *just* a heavenly scene). Miraculous Mass of St. Martin of Tours Franconian School, 1440

Adoration of the Magi by Botticelli, 1475 Use of light and shadow, natural postures, facial expressions, proportional. Shift to the outside. Still definitely religious – Madonna and child. USE OF PERSPECTIVE – thanks to math! Halos? Hieratic scale? Shows importance of religion in every day life – normal people doing normal things, as well as saints and Jesus – connection DUE to protestant Adoration of the Magi by Botticelli, 1475

Madonna and Child by Raphael 1503

Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci 1503-1505/1507

Virgin of the Rocks by Leonardo da Vinci 1505-1508 Takeaway: Christianity doesn’t go away during the Renaissance, but it becomes one part of humanity – and Biblical figures are seen as (at least partially) human rather than otherworldly Scene: John the Baptist meets Holy Family

School of Athens by Raphael 1510

The Bean Eater Annibale Carracci, 1582/83 Made later in the renaissance