By Michael Fraczek and Caden Boyer

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By Michael Fraczek and Caden Boyer SNPs By Michael Fraczek and Caden Boyer

What is it? The Video “Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms” or SNPs Single nucleotide change in genetic code To be “SNPs”, 2 or more versions of genetic differences present in 1% of population Each “SNP” site has 4 possible versions (A, C, G & T) Occur roughly every 300 nucleotides; 10 million SNPs total present in human genome

Basic Mechanics Two main types of SNPs: Linked SNPs and Causative SNPs Linked SNPs do not affect protein production Still affects drug and environmental responses Two types of Causative SNPs: Non-coding and Coding Coding SNPs change amino acid sequences Non-coding SNPs change the timing or location of proteins “Haplotype” - a combination of SNPs found on alleles in a region of DNA that are inherited from each parent

Applications? SNPs Profile for Drug Effectiveness SNP microarrays for Cancer Research Risk assessment of cancer cells Investigating allelic association of cancers Identification of cancer predisposition and tumor suppressor genes, as well as oncogenes Use as a biological marker Plant genotyping Pacific Salmon Determining response to environmental factors Identifying harmful mutations Risk assessment - genome copy number changes in cancer cells, etc. Plant genotyping - SNPs found in maize Environmental factors - determining individual response to environmental factors like toxins

Article - Alaska Department of Fish and Game The Article

Sources https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/genomicresearch/snp http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/precision/snips/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2430687/ https://www.adfg.alaska.gov/static/fishing/PDFs/research/geneconservation/snp/sm ith.pdf http://www.cabi.org/cabebooks/ebook/20083014993 https://www.23andme.com/gen101/snps/ http://www.dnatube.com/video/226/Single-Nucleotide-Polymorphisms-SNPs http://www.dnatube.com/video/2885/Testing-polymorphism-microarray-method

Explaining Video If no flash player: 2nd Video Or: 3rd Video