The Church Gives Witness in Wars and Revolutions Chapter 19 The Church Gives Witness in Wars and Revolutions

Negative 20th c. Advancements Legalized Abortion Abuse of biotechnology Clash of civilizations Nuclear armed nations

Positive 20th c. Advancements Hunger/famine diminished Spread of literacy Human rights Independent nations Technology

Pope St. Pius X (1903-1914) Part I

Pope St. Pius X (1903 -1914) First pope of the 20th century "To Restore All Things in Christ"

Pope St. Pius X (1903 -1914) Ended custom of the Holy Roman Emperor intervening in Papal Elections Encouraged the Faithful of France not allow the government to take control of Church property Encouraged Catholics to once again take part in the Italian elections Code of Canon Law 1917

Pope St. Pius X (1903 -1914) Took important steps in liturgy and worship “Pope of the Eucharist”

Christian Modernists Catholic intellectuals Psychological Experience rather than objective truth Church Doctrines/structures always subject to change Bible = record of its author’s religious experience

War, Revolution, and Persecution Part II

Pope Benedict XV (1914-1922) Protested barbarity of WWI Remained impartial during WWI Wanted to better serve peace process Plan for peace ignored Assisted WWI victims

Pope Benedict XV (1914-1922) Criticized the Treaty of Versailles Supported League of Nations Increased Holy See diplomats Pope = “world’s moral conscience”

Soviet Communism Stalin “Workers paradise” 50 million opponents killed Catholic/Orthodox churches destroyed 54, 000 Catholic Churches reduced to less than 100 1 priest allowed to remain

Concordat of Germany Privileges given to Catholic schools/organizations Clergy to not resist government To safeguard the freedom of the Church 34 letters sent to Hitler in protest 55,000,000 million lives

Pope Pius XII (1939-1958) Led the Holy See to remaining officially neutral Served as a private communicator between anti-Hitler elements in Germany and the Allies

Pope Pius XII (1939-1958) Won Rome the status of “open city” Criticized for not speaking against Nazis Hitler planned to assonate the Pope Pius XII

Maximilian Kolbe Devoted to the Blessed Virgin Arrested by the Nazis for assisting Jews/ members of the Polish underground Sent to Auschwitz Took the place of a married man when a group of men were sent to be executed

Edith Stein (St. Teresa of the Cross) Atheist at an early age Read a biography of St. Teresa of Avila and converted to the Faith Arrested by the Nazi’s and sent to Auschwitz Killed in the gas chamber