The Protestant Reformation

Medieval Church Authority The Catholic Church was the only church in Medieval Europe The Bible was only to be read by Priests or Bishops Church Services were only in Latin.

What did people believe at the start of the 16th century? If you went on a Crusade or a Pilgrimage you could earn time out of Purgatory You could buy a special letter from the Pope called an Indulgence which was like a get out of jail for free card but for Purgatory

What did people believe at the start of the 16th century? If you died with a dirty Soul you would go to either Purgatory or straight to hell. You had to go to Church and get the Priest to clean your Soul. If you died with a clean Soul you would go to heaven.

What was the Protestant Reformation? Prior to the Reformation all Christians were Roman Catholic The [REFORM]ation was an attempt to REFORM the Catholic Church People like Martin Luther wanted to get rid of the corruption and restore the people’s faith in the church

What was the Protestant Reformation? In the end the reformers, like Luther, established their own religions The Reformation caused a split in Christianity with the formation of these new Protestant religions

Causes of the Reformation 100 Years War and Black Death Scientific Advances which contradicted the Church The Corruption within the Catholic Church Indulgences-The selling of Documents for the Forgiveness of Sins

What was the Protestant Reformation? CHRISTIANITY PROTESTANT CATHOLIC

The Reformers Martin Luther John Calvin Henry VIII

Martin Luther Lived from 1483-1546 in Germany Father encouraged him to study law A sudden religious experience inspired him to become a monk.

Martin Luther Martin Luther was a monk and all monks lives were revolved around community work, prayer, rest, and work in the monastery. A doctor of theology at the University of Wittenburg, Germany Luther argues that faith alone saves the human sinner In 1517, he nails his Ninety-Five Theses, which confront the church and call for reform, on the door of the Wittenburg cathedral. Luther rejects all but two of the sacraments, baptism and holy communion.

Martin Luther He became troubled over the possibility of not going to heaven He turned to the Bible, and confession for comfort In the Bible he found the answer he was looking for

What did Martin Luther believe? *You Don’t have to go to Church to get your soul cleaned. *The Church is wrong to sell indulgencies which buy time out of Purgatory. *Read the Bible in your own language and not Latin. *Its wrong to make an image of God. The Church is too rich.

“The righteous shall by his faith.” Romans 1:17 “The righteous shall by his faith.” Luther realized that only faith (in the ultimate goodness of Jesus), not good deeds, could save a person. No good works, rituals, etc. would save a person if they did not believe.

Luther’s 95 Theses A list of things he thought were wrong with the Catholic Church (95 Complaints) He criticized: The Power of the Pope The Extreme Wealth of the Church Indulgences (Catholic concept of Salvation)

Luther’s 95 Theses Gutenberg’s Printing Press made it possible for Luther to spread his beliefs Posted his 95 Theses on Church doors in Germany Gained support from people and criticism from Church

The first thing printed on Gutenberg’s press was the Bible. This is a picture of a page from one of Gutenberg’s Bibles.

Luther on Trial The Diet of Worms 1520 Pope Leo X order Luther to give up his beliefs Luther burned the order and was excommunicated Luther went into hiding where he translated the New Testament into German – spreading his beliefs even further

Pope Leo X He was the Pope during the height of the corruption

Luther prepares to burn Pope's orders

Acceptance of Reforms Some Local German Churches accepted Luther’s ideas Lutheranism was formed Supported by German Princes who issued a formal “protest” against the Church for suppressing the reforms The reformers came to be known as [PROTEST]ants - Protestants

“May little chickens dig out your eyes 100,000 times.” John Calvin “May little chickens dig out your eyes 100,000 times.” - Calvin speaking to another reformer whose ideas he disagreed with

John Calvin Anti-Catholic Influenced by Martin Luther Disagreed with Luther’s “Salvation through faith alone.” Created his own Protestant religion in Switzerland

Predestination Calvin believed in: Salvation through Predestination At birth it is decided if you will go to heaven or hell

Calvin believed in: Foreknowledge God knows everything that will happen in your life Purified approach to life: No drinking, swearing, card playing, gambling etc..

Protestant Reformation Peasants, angered at the abuses of the aristocracy and emboldened by the spirit of protest decide to revolt. Aristocracy sides with either Catholic Church or Luther and civil wars break out in Northern Europe. New religious movements and Protestant sects arise, like Calvinism and Anabaptism. Calvinists, followers of John Calvin, believe that only those who are among the elect will be saved. This doctrine that God knows who is damned and who is saved is known as predestination Calvinists put great emphasis on work ethic and condemn dancing, drinking, and public entertainment.

Calvinism Started in Switzerland – Calvinists England = Puritans Scotland = Presbyterians Holland = Dutch Reform France = Huguenots Germany = Reform Church

Christianity Protestant Catholic Lutheran Calvinism Puritan Presbyterian Puritan Hugeunots

Henry VIII and England Henry VIII Dissent over divorce Wives of Henry 1st -Catherine of Aragon 2nd-Anne Boleyn 3rd-Jane Seymour 4th-Anne of Cleves 5th-Catherine Howard 6th-Catherine Parr The Anglican Church forms when Henry VIII of England divorces his first wife, is excommunicated by the Pope, and decides to break off from the Catholic church and form a new Church of England

Wife #1 Catherine of Aragon Henry given permission from Pope to marry his brother’s widow Catherine failed to produce a male heir, only had one surviving child – Mary I

Catherine of Aragon Henry wanted a divorce, but Pope Clement VII wouldn’t invalidate the marriage Henry tried to get Church to do what he wanted, and appointed Sir Thomas More as English Cardinal

Catherine of Aragon Henry proceeded to dissolve his ties to the Pope ENGLISH REFORMATION – Henry VIII took control of the English clergy and had himself appointed the head of the Church of England He divorced Catherine and married his lover Anne Boleyn

Henry VIII Establishes the Church of England The Act of Annantes 1532 Stopped all payment to the Catholic Church The Act of Appeals 1533 Ended Rome’s Religious hold on England The Act of Supremacy 1534 Made Henry VIII the head of the Church of England Executions Any subject who wouldn’t denounce the Catholic Church

Wife # 2 ANNE BOLEYN Only had 1 surviving child – a daughter, Elizabeth I Henry upset at not having a son, accused Anne of incest and adultery Anne was brought to the Tower of London and executed

Interesting Facts to Know… Legend had it she had a sixth finger and a large mole or goiter on her neck Anne’s sister Mary had been one of Henry’s earlier mistresses Just prior to her execution, Anne’s marriage to Henry was dissolved and considered invalid

Wife # 3 JANE SEYMOUR First came to the court in the service of Queen Catherine, later she waited on Anne Boleyn as she rose to Queen Henry felt she was his first “true wife” She died 2 weeks after giving birth to Henry’s only legitimate son – Edward Only one of the 6 wives buried with him.

Wife # 4 ANNE OF CLEVES Henry was single for 2 years after Jane died Henry wanted a marriage for political reasons, to form an Alliance between English Protestants and German Protestants Hired a painter to find him a potential ally and paint the women who could make it possible – He chose Anne of Cleves She was so unattractive however, Henry divorced her

Wife # 5 CATHRYN HOWARD (cousin of Anne Boleyn) Married her only 16 days after his divorce to Anne – he was 49, she was 19 They were ill-matched, he was gaining a lot of weight, and had an ulcerated leg – she was his “rose without a thorn” Executed because he believed she had relations with another man before their marriage, which continued after their marriage

Wife # 6 CATHERINE PARR Widowed twice before marrying Henry Became a stabilizing mother figure in home – to Mary, Elizabeth and Edward She outlived Henry – who died January 28, 1547 She married Jane Seymour’s bother Thomas after Henry’s death

Europe after the Reformation

Europe after the Reformation