20th Century World War I- Part i

The Causes of World War I The toxic environment of the European Continent: Nationalism Imperialism Militarism Alliance System

Nationalism The belief that national interests and national unity should be placed ahead of global cooperation and that a nations should be guided by its own self interest.

Imperialism Belief in empire-building: the policy of extending the rule or influence of a country over other countries or colonies Domination by empire: the political, military, or economic domination of one country over another Takeover and domination: the extension of power or authority over others in the interests of domination cultural imperialism

Militarism The development of armed forces and their use as a tool of diplomacy

Alliance System European nations entered into treaties of assistance that committed them to support one another if attacked.

The Alliance Game!! Pull out a piece of Paper including yourself create an alliance with 4 other students within the classroom Hint: create Alliance with people who have an alliance out side of yours Note: the wider your Alliance the more power you will seem to have

2 Major Alliances The Triple Entente Later known as the Allies France Great Britain Russia

2 Major Alliances Triple Alliance Later known as the Central Powers Germany Austria-Hungary Italy (later replaced with the Ottoman Empire)

The spark

Assassination On June 28, 1914 the Archduke and his wife Sophie, were shot by Gavrilo Princip, a member of the Black Hand- a Serbian nationalist society.

Archduke Franz Ferdinand The nephew of the Emperor Franz Joseph Was heir to the Austrian throne

Let the War Begin!!!! August 4, 1914- Germany invades Belgium on rote to invade France British and French retreat to the Marne River in France. By the spring of 1915 two lines of trenches zigzagged across northern and eastern France. Between the lines exists “No Mans Land.”

Trench Warfare The advent of the machine gun change warfare. The battle of Somme- began July 1, 1916. 1.2 million casualties Only seven miles of ground changed hands during the 3 month battle

American Neutrality America was divided in support for the War in Europe. Many Americans emigrated or have descended from the counties involved on both sides of the war. America still felt sympathy for Great Britain.

The British Blockade The British used its navy to stop Germany from importing goods. The British mined the North Sea Stopped the shipment of chemical fertilizers and foodstuffs. By 1917, famine occurred in Germany, an estimated 750,000 Germans died from starvation.

The German U-Boat Response German submarines stated to sink any ship within the waters of Great Britain. A total of 75,000 people died in the attacks The submarine attacks were used as propaganda against the Germans

The sinking of the Lusitania

The sinking of the Lusitania On May 7, 1915 a U- boat sank the British liner Lusitania off the shore of Ireland. Out of the 1,198 deaths, 128 were Americans. German U-boats also sunk the Arabic in July of 1915 (2 U.S. deaths) German U-boats also sunk the Sussex in March of 1916

American Neutrality Collapses The Zimmermann note: A telegram sent by Germany to Mexico Germany promised that if Mexico went o war with U.S. that Germany would support them and that the territories of Texas and New Mexico and Arizona would be given back to Mexico.

American Neutrality Collapses On April 2, 1917 President Wilson deliver his war resolution By April 6, both the Senate and the House of Representatives passed the resolution.