How did Agriculture Change with Industrialization Chapt. 11, Key Question #2

Setting down in one place, a rising population, and the switch to agriculture are interrelated in occurrences in human history. Hypothesize which of these three happened first, second, and third and explain why.

Agricultural Origins No permanent settlements Agricultural Revolution #1 (8 – 14 thousand yrs ago): Before, people moved with the herds and hunted and gathered No permanent settlements Invention of agriculture and plant domestication Now, people stay in one spot Fields and livestock produce food source Use of tools to create crops Subsistence Farming- growing only enough food for your own family to survive, not for trade

Agricultural Revolution #1

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Hearths of 1st Ag. Revolution

Agricultural Origins Agricultural Revolution #2 (1600s – early 1900s): Invention and bettering of tools, equipment, and machines increased farming production Crop rotation, fertilizers, tractors, mechanical reaper, barbed wire, etc. During the Industrial Revolution Began in Europe, spread to other parts of the world. Surplus farming- creating enough food to feed large populations in cities

Crop Rotation A B C D

Second Ag. Revolution (1600s-1700s): Western Europe New Crops from Americas Enclosure Act Soil Prep, fertilization, crop care, harvesting improved Industrial Revolution (1700-1800s): Change in type of work – Farm to Factory Movement to cities Caused by increase in pop. and new inventions Second Ag. Revolution (1800s-early 1900s): Railroads Mechanization of Ag. Tractors, Combines, large farm equipment

Pop. Time Population Momentum: Over time growth occurs exponentially: 2 – 4 – 8 – 16... As opposed to arithmetic growth: 1 – 2 – 3 – 4... (we will find out later this is the way food production grows – Can this type of growth feed the world’s population?) Food Time

Population is the red line. Food is the blue line

Population is the red line. Food is the blue line

Agricultural Origins Agricultural Revolution #3 (1960s – today): Also known as the Green Revolution Period of time when new agricultural practices were created to help farmers all over the world International effort planned to eliminate hunger by improving crop performances Uses modern science techniques and genetic engineering to produce high yielding crops

Agricultural Revolution #3

Johann Heinrich von Thünen Early 1800s economist that created a model that predicted agricultural land use in relation to a central business district, or city (CBD). Transportation cost, Land Value, and Distance to Market are the three most important factors.

Three basic ideas Items that cost more to transport will be located closer to the CBD. Land closer to the CBD is more expensive per acre. Items that are more perishable need to be able to get to the CBD quicker.

Von Thunen’s Model of Ag. Location CBD Market Gardening and Dairy Farming Forestry Mixed Crop and Livestock (Intensive) Grain Farming (Extensive) Livestock Ranching (Extensive)

Von Thunen’s Model of Ag. Location CBD

Von Thunen Model – page 29 of packet

Simplifying Assumptions All farmers in a certain area send their products to one market. The land, climate, and soil of the surrounding area is the same. What factors does the Von Thunen Model consider? Transportation Costs, Land Value, Distance to Market Does not consider Human Preference!

Has the Green Revolution been Successful? Yes/Pros No/Cons