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Foldables Plant Reproduction Make the following Foldable to compare and contrast the sexual and asexual characteristics of a plant.

Fold one sheet of paper lengthwise. Foldables Fold one sheet of paper lengthwise.

Foldables Fold into thirds.

Unfold and draw overlapping ovals. Cut the top sheet along the folds. Foldables Unfold and draw overlapping ovals. Cut the top sheet along the folds.

Label the ovals as shown. Foldables Label the ovals as shown.

Construct a Venn Diagram Foldables Construct a Venn Diagram As you read the chapter, list the characteristics unique to sexual reproduction under the left tab, those unique to asexual reproduction under the right tab, and those characteristics common to both under the middle tab.

Video Clips

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Introduction to Plant Reproduction Reviewing Main Ideas 1 Introduction to Plant Reproduction Plants reproduce sexually and asexually. Sexual reproduction involves the formation of sex cells and fertilization. Asexual reproduction does not involve sex cells and produces plants genetically identical to the parent plant.

Introduction to Plant Reproduction Reviewing Main Ideas 1 Introduction to Plant Reproduction Plant life cycles include a gametophyte and a sporophyte stage. The gametophyte stage begins with meiosis. The sporophyte stage begins when the egg is fertilized by a sperm. In some plant life cycles, the sporophyte and gametophyte stages are separate and not dependent on each other. In other plant life cycles, they are part of the same organism.

Seedless Reproduction Reviewing Main Ideas 2 Seedless Reproduction For liverworts and mosses, the gametophyte stage is the familiar plant form. The sporophyte stage produces spores. In ferns, the sporophyte stage is the familiar plant form. Seedless plants, like mosses, and ferns, use sexual reproduction to produce spores.

Reviewing Main Ideas 3 Seed Reproduction In seed plants the male reproductive organs produce pollen grains that eventually contain sperm. Eggs are produced in the ovules of the female reproductive organs. The male and female reproductive organs of gymnosperms are called cones. Wind usually moves pollen from the male cone to the female cone for pollination.

Reviewing Main Ideas 3 Seed Reproduction The reproductive organs of angiosperms are in a flower. The male reproductive organ is the stamen, and the female reproductive organ is the pistil. Gravity, wind, rain, and animals can pollinate a flower. Seeds of gymnosperms and angiosperms are dispersed in many ways. Wind, water, and animals spread seeds. Some plants can eject their seeds.

Seed Reproduction 3 Germination is the growth of a plant from a seed. Reviewing Main Ideas 3 Seed Reproduction Germination is the growth of a plant from a seed.

Chapter Review Question 1 _______ reproduction requires the production of sex cells, usually called sperm and eggs. A. Asexual B. Cloning C. Sexual D. Spore LE 4.1c

Chapter Review Answer The answer is C. Sexual reproduction produces offspring that are genetically different from either parent organism.

Question 2 What is happening at point C in this illustration? Chapter Review Question 2 What is happening at point C in this illustration? LE 4.2a

meiosis occurs in the capsule and spores are produced B. sex cells are Chapter Review meiosis occurs in the capsule and spores are produced B. sex cells are produced in reproductive structures LE 4.2a

C. the diploid zygote begins to sporophyte stage D. the sperm Chapter Review C. the diploid zygote begins to sporophyte stage D. the sperm swims to the egg and fertilization occurs LE 4.2a

Chapter Review Answer The answer is D. This step occurs just before the sperm fertilizes the egg.

Question 3 Where are fern spores produced? A. fronds B. prothallus Chapter Review Question 3 Where are fern spores produced? A. fronds B. prothallus C. rhizome D. sori LE 4.1

Chapter Review Answer The answer is D. Sori are usually located on the underside of the fronds.

Chapter Review Question 4 The _______ stage of the plant life cycle begins with fertilization. Answer The answer is sporophyte. Cells formed in this stage have the diploid number of chromosomes. LE 4.2a

Chapter Review Question 5 _______ plants have tubelike cells that transport water and substances throughout the plant. Answer The answer is Vascular. Ferns are an example of a vascular plant. LE 5.1a

Question 1 The stigma, style, ovary and ovule make up the _______. Standardized Test Practice Question 1 The stigma, style, ovary and ovule make up the _______. A. petal B. pistil C. sepal D. stamen LE 5.1a

Standardized Test Practice Answer The answer is B. The pistil is the female reproductive organ of the flower.

Question 2 The anther and filament make up the _______. A. petal Standardized Test Practice Question 2 The anther and filament make up the _______. A. petal B. pistil C. sepal D. stamen LE 5.1a

Standardized Test Practice Answer The answer is D. The stamen is the male reproductive organ of the flower.

Question 3 _______ are the reproductive structures of gymnosperms. Standardized Test Practice Question 3 _______ are the reproductive structures of gymnosperms. A. cones B. flowers C. fruit D. nuts LE 1.2a

Answer The answer is A. Each gymnosperm species has a different cone. Standardized Test Practice Answer The answer is A. Each gymnosperm species has a different cone.

Standardized Test Practice Question 4 _______ is a series of events that results in the growth of a plant from a seed. A. Cultivation B. Fertilization C. Germination D. Pollination LE 4.1

Standardized Test Practice Answer The answer is C. Germination begins when seed tissues absorb water, causing the seed to swell and the seed coat to break open. Seeds will not germinate until environmental conditions are right.

Standardized Test Practice Question 5 The _______ stage of the plant life cycle begins with fertilization. LE 4.1

Standardized Test Practice Answer The answer is sporophyte. Cells formed in this stage have the diploid number of chromosomes.

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