Dr. Susan P. Mains Geography GE21001 Dynamic Human Worlds Economic Geography, Lecture 3 Globalisation, Inequality and Space (Part 1) Dr. Susan P. Mains Geography

Lecture Outline Recap from Lecture 3 Defining Globalisation Forms of Globalisation: Economic Maquiladoras   Useful Readings: *MacKinnon, D. and Cumbers, A. (2007) An Introduction to Economic Geography: globalisation, uneven development and place. London, Pearson Prentice Hall. Chapters 6, 7 and 10.

Producers, Products, Places and Consumers www.followthethings.com ‘invisible’ ecomomies and geographies e.g., iPad factory production https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fHxi2jnYhbE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y9STw1ouM2k https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5YfvSP7Kq6E Poverty: economic and spatial inequalities Images of poverty: tends to be associated with particular regions/countries …but, more complex and contradictory E.g., poverty in the UK http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pM5vfQoV2lo

Defining Globalisation Globalisation as a “discourse” of social and spatial relations Economic, social and political linkages “uneven” development quantitatively and qualitatively different  global village or global image?  long history of global links

Defining Globalisation Economic Globalisation: Multi-national corporations Transnational practices International division of labour Sexual division of labour Area of finance particularly important

Defining Globalisation Economic Globalisation: technology industries, “footloose” industries increased capital flows humans as mobile capital: migration, seasonal workers, sex workers, sweatshops historically: slave trade-constructions of race

Defining Globalisation Economic Globalisation: Maquiladora factories End of Bracero programme (1964) Border Industrialisation Program (BIP) Foreign-owned factories in Mexico Tax, duty and infrastructure incentives Assembly, textile industries Initially, up to 12 miles south of Mexico-US border Now expanded into interior Currently over 3000 companies Also viewed as part of NAFTA

Maquiladoras Maquiladoras at a glance http://s3.amazonaws.com/corpwatch.org/downloads/maqfacts.pdf

Maquiladoras

Defining Globalisation Economic Globalisation: Maquiladora factories End of Bracero programme (1964) Border Industrialisation Program (BIP) Foreign-owned factories in Mexico Tax, duty and infrastructure incentives Assembly, textile industries Initially, up to 12 miles south of Mexico-US border Now expanded into interior Currently over 3000 companies

Defining Globalisation Economic Globalisation: Maquiladora factories Largely female workforce Repetitive, long hours, low pay unions excluded Limited transfer of skills Gender stereotypes of workers High mortality rates Hazardous workplaces Declining environmental conditions “MAQUILÁPOLIS [City of Factories]“ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yK2KzIGb44I