VLVnT08 Summary Talk E. Migneco

VLVnT08 Exciting reports from leading fields of astroparticle physics: TeV gamma rays, HE cosmic rays. A blooming field that is yielding a deeper view of the non-thermal Universe Status reports from neutrino telescope projects: many new important achievements The presentations from “other” deep-sea science project confirm the strong link link with the neutrino telescope projects. Need for a fully synergic operation.

IceCube construction half the way to full detector IceCube construction half the way to full detector. Now already at the km3 scale size ANTARES now largest detector in the northern emisphere and first deep sea detector

IceTop InIce AMANDA 18 strings 13 Strings 19 Strings 2007-2008: 2006-2007: 13 Strings 2005-2006: 8 Strings 2004-2005 : 1 String IceTop Air shower detetor threshold ~ 300 TeV Total: 40 strings IC22 + AMANDA Physics Run: Ended March 2008 IC40 + AMANDA Physics Run: Started April 2008 InIce 70-80 Strings , 60 Optical Modules 17 m between Modules 125 m between Strings AMANDA 19 Strings 677 Modules See B. Fox talk

Muon channel diffuse flux The IceCube Collaboration, arXiv:0705:1315.

ANTARES construction status L11 L9 L10 L12 L7 L8 L6 L4 L2 L3 L5 L1 IL07 seismometer 100 m N Junction box Submarine cable to shore Installed Deployment a.s.a.p. Connection May 2008 M. Circella – Status of ANTARES VLVnT08 6 VLVnT08 M. Spurio- ANTARES 6

Atmospheric neutrinos ~5106 triggers (from February to May 2007) --- 5 lines Reconstruction “Quality cut” applied for upgoing tracks Neutrino candidates selected from upward events Rate of downward tracks: ~ 0.1 Hz Rate of neutrino candidates: ~ 1.4 events/day down going up going Preliminary Neutrino candidates Reconstructed events from data MC Muons (dashed: true; solid: reconstr.) MC neutrinos M. Circella – Status of ANTARES VLVnT08 7 VLVnT08 M. Spurio- ANTARES 7

KM3NeT KM3NeT CDR released!

Point source sensitivity Based on muon detection Why factor ~3 more sensitive than IceCube? larger photo-cathode area better direction resolution Study still needs refinements

Timeline towards construction Note: “Construction” includes the final prototyping stage

The KM3NeT Preparatory Phase “Preparatory Phase”: A new EU/FP7 funding instrument restricted to ESFRI projects. KM3NeT proposal endorsed, funded with 5 M€ 3-year project, 3/2008 – 2/2011; kick-off meeting in Catania, 10-13 March 2008 Major objectives: Initiate political process towards convergence (includes funding and site selection/decision) Set up legal structure and governance Strategic issues: New partners, distributed sites, extendibility Prepare operation organisation & user communities Organise pre-procurement with commercial partners Next-step prototyping

CDR fundamental milestone for KM3NeT Based on many important recent results by the pilot projects operating in the field ANTARES NEMO NESTOR

NEMO Phase-1: a 4 floors tower @ 2000m depth In the INFN NEMO Test Site, 20 km East of Catania Dec. 2006: Deployment of JB and mini-tower Deployed January 2005 Junction Box (JB) NEMO mini-tower (4 floors, 16 OM) 300 m TSS Frame Mini-tower, unfurled Mini-tower, compacted NEMO Junction Box new low cost technology 15 m

NEMO Phase-2 Electro-optical cable laid in july 2007 Underwater infrastructure at the 3500 m deep-sea site of Capo Passero Electro-optical cable laid in july 2007 Costruction of a fully equipped 16 storey tower started The tower design has been revised taking into account the experience gained in Phase-1 Deployment foreseen end 2008 Main modifications/upgrades of the new tower New DC power system to comply with the feeding system provided by Alcatel Optimization of the electronics and data transmission New segmented electro-optical cable backbone Integration of a new acoustic station in the tower

NESTOR Delta-Berenike: triangular platform, central well with crane, Deployment operations require ships or dedicated platforms. Platform: Delta-Berenike, under construction in Greece, ready summer 08 Delta-Berenike: triangular platform, central well with crane, water jet propulsion

Also Baikal is making progress towards larger volume detector

Prototype string km3-scale BAIKAL telescope NT200+ current status Prototype string Installation of a “new technology” prototype string as a part of NT200+ (8 April 2008) Investigations and in-situ tests of basic elements of km3 detector: optical modules, DAQ system, new cable communications. Studies of basic DAQ/Triggering approach for the km3-detector. Confrontation of classical TDC/ADC approach with FADC readout. 17

Technological developments Many technological developments under way 24 presentations in the Engineering session 11 presentations in the Photosensor session Too many to mention all; just a few examples that may have significant impact on the construction of a km3 scale detector Some options will require a choice between alternative solutions Developments in the field of photonics open the way towards an “all optical” solution New electronics for telecommunications may allow an “all copper” detection unit Some industrial developments may provide a significant improvement in the performance Photon sensors: increased QE PMT, directional PMTs, hybrid PMTs

A proposal design for data transmission system on copper backbone Full Daisy Chain Scheme The link is bidirectional with asymmetric data rates: Up-going link up to 200 Mb/s for timing and slow control Down-going link @1.25 Gb/s for physics data and control The slow channel and the clock is propagated upwards in a daisy chain fashion. The Clock is regenerated locally. Cons Higher Power Failure stops higher floors Pros Higher up-going speed Nodes are identical S. Russo, F. Ameli VLVnT08 :: Toulon :: 23 Apr 2008

Vertical String Architecture 10 Mbps Optical Module One Single Twisted Pair per Optical Module: Bi-directional Data Transport DC - Power Optical Module 100 Mbps Estimated Bandwidth: ~ 500 Mtr 20 Mbps per Optical Module Optical Module Packet overhead and safety factor 5 100 Mbps per Optical Module 24 Optical Modules per Vertical String 2.4 Gbps <= Master Module 3.1625 Gbps Fiber one l / Vertical String in a DWDM system

Bialkali QE Comparison UBA:43% Example Data for UBA : R7600-200 SBA : R7600-100 STD : R7600 x1.6 x1.3 SBA:35% STD:26%

Conclusions Many significant advancements in the field of high energy astroparticle physics Science case for neutrino telescope strengthened Close to have an operating km3 scale neutrino telescope (IceCube) Big steps forward towards the km3 underwater detector both in the technology and in the collaboration issues

Au revoir at the fourth VLVnT meeting in Greece, end 2009 Thanks A perfectly organized conference Many thanks to Greg, the organizing committee and the support staff !! Au revoir at the fourth VLVnT meeting in Greece, end 2009

Ratio for 169 towers detector Neutrino effective areas Quality cuts applied (0.1°@30TeV)  max 45% /max 23%  max 35% /max 23% 169 towers QE max 23%  169 towers QE max 45% 169 towers QE max 35% ▬ ref det with QE 33%

Muon Channel Diffuse Flux The IceCube Collaboration, arXiv:0705:1315. Elisa Resconi