Framing: Make sure you get close enough to your subject matter and use your viewfinder to carefully frame and select what you want to photograph. Martin.

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Presentation transcript:

Framing: Make sure you get close enough to your subject matter and use your viewfinder to carefully frame and select what you want to photograph. Martin Parr Hannah Starkey Guy Bourdin Man Ray

Natural Apertures: Sometimes called a frame within a frame Natural Apertures: Sometimes called a frame within a frame. This is where part of the composition is used to frame and enhance the subject. James Nachtwey Caroline Shuttle Lee Miller Steve McCurry Marc Riboud

Angle of View: Using a variety of angles can enhance perspective and the 3D quality of your subject. André Kertész Thomas Demand André Kertész Josef Koudelka

Perspective: This can enhance the three dimensional depth within an image. Perspective can also be used to direct the viewers eye through the image. Stephen Shore Fay Godwin Catherine Yass Lewis Hine Joel Sternfeld

Slow Shutter Speed: Shutter speed is the length of time the shutter remains open. Shutter speed is also referred to as ‘exposure time’. The Shutter speed is measured in seconds and fractions of seconds. Caroline Shuttle Naoya Hatakeyama Thomas Joshua Cooper Important to remember that you cannot use a slower shutter speed than 1/30 whilst handholding the camera, otherwise you will get camera shake. SHUTTER SPEED B 1 1/2 1/4 1/8 1/15 1/30 1/60 1/125 1/250 1/500 1/1000 SHOWS MOVEMENT ◄ ► FREEZES MOVEMENT SLOWERSPEED FASTER SPEED MORE EXPOSURE TIME LESS EXPOSURE TIME

Rule of Thirds: Is all about composition and making the image look visually aesthetic and interesting. All you need to do is divide the cameras viewfinder into nine equal sections so an imaginary grid is formed. This theory has been used extensively in art especially in painting. It has been said to express the secrets of visual harmony, this adds balance and interest to the photograph. Ansel Adams

Large Depth of Field: You can use a small aperture large (f) number i Large Depth of Field: You can use a small aperture large (f) number i.e. f16/ f22 so that the fore, mid and background are all in focus. Gregory Crewdson Andreas Gursky Ansel Adams Jeff Wall Joel Sternfeld

Shallow Depth of Field: You can use a large aperture small (f) number i.e. f2.8/f3.5 to focus on the foreground so only the foreground is sharp and the background is out of focus. Tom Philip-Lorca diCorcia Sally Mann Eve Arnold Martin Schoeller Steve McCurry

Contrast: Is the difference in subject tones from white-to-gray-to-black or from the lightest tone to the darkest tone. In black-and-white photography, contrast is considered either high, normal, or low. A high-contrast scene or photograph consists primarily of white and black with few or no middle gray tones. James Nachtwey Brassaï Robert Frank Brassaï George Rodger Imogen Cunningham Andreas Feininger Bill Brandt

Wide Angle: One of the most interesting features of wide-angle lens is "the capability to stretch perspective". When you look through a wide-angle lens, it seems that the distance between objects has extended. The wider the lens i.e. 24mm the more distoration. Fisheye Examples Bill Brandt Caroline Shuttle Gregory Crewdson Caroline Shuttle

Close-up: Macro photography is close-up photography Close-up: Macro photography is close-up photography. The image projected on the film plane or digital sensor is close to the same size as the subject. Bahman Jalali Irving Penn John Coplans Keith Arnatt Peter Keetman David Levinthal

Fast Shutter Speed: Shutter speed is the length of time the shutter remains open. Shutter speed is also referred to as ‘exposure time’. The Shutter speed is measured in seconds and fractions of seconds. Henri Cartier-Bresson Harold Edgerton Harold Edgerton Important to remember that you cannot use a slower shutter speed than 1/30 whilst handholding the camera, otherwise you will get camera shake. SHUTTER SPEED B 1 1/2 1/4 1/8 1/15 1/30 1/60 1/125 1/250 1/500 1/1000 SHOWS MOVEMENT ◄ ► FREEZES MOVEMENT SLOWERSPEED FASTER SPEED MORE EXPOSURE TIME LESS EXPOSURE TIME