The Cell Life Cycle.

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Presentation transcript:

The Cell Life Cycle

Learning Objectives Describe the cell life cycle. Understand the role of cell division in the cell cycle. Understand the process of terminal differentiation in cells Describe mitosis and cellular differentiation. Describe meiosis and contrast it with mitosis.

Interphase Most somatic cells spend the majority of their lives in this phase Interphase includes G1 S G2

The Cell Life Cycle

DNA Replication

Mitosis, or nuclear division, has four phases Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase During cytokinesis, the cytoplasm divides and cell division ends

Interphase, Mitosis, and Cytokinesis

Interphase, Mitosis, and Cytokinesis

Mitotic rate and cancer Generally, the longer the life expectancy of the cell, the slower the mitotic rate Stem cells undergo frequent mitoses Growth factors can stimulate cell division Abnormal cell division produces tumors or neoplasms Benign Malignant (invasive, and cancerous) Spread via metastasis Oncogenes

Chromosomes in Mitosis and Meiosis Figure 28.6

Differentiation Process of specialization Results from inactivation of particular genes Produces populations of cells with limited capabilities Differentiated cells form tissues

You should now be familiar with: The cell life cycle. Mitosis and cellular differentiation. Terminal differentiation and the Go phase. Meiosis and cell ploidy.