Observation/Research Formulate a Hypothesis Experiment Scientific Method Problem/Question Observation/Research Formulate a Hypothesis Experiment Collect and Analyze Results Conclusion Communicate the Results

3 Kinds of Variables Independent Variable – something that is changed by the scientist What is tested What is manipulated

Steps of the Scientific Method 1. Problem/Question: Develop a question or problem that can be solved through experimentation.

Steps of the Scientific Method 2. Observation/Research: Make observations and research your topic of interest.

Steps of the Scientific Method 3. Formulate a Hypothesis: Predict a possible answer to the problem or question. Example: If soil temperatures rise, then plant growth will increase.

Steps of the Scientific Method 4. Experiment: Develop and follow a procedure. Include a detailed materials list. The outcome must be measurable (quantifiable).

Steps of the Scientific Method 5. Collect and Analyze Results: Modify the procedure if needed. Confirm the results by retesting. Include tables, graphs, and photographs.

Steps of the Scientific Method 6. Conclusion: Include a statement that accepts or rejects the hypothesis. Make recommendations for further study and possible improvements to the procedure.

3 Kinds of Variables Dependent Variable – something that might be affected by the change in the independent variable What is observed What is measured The data collected during the investigation

3 Kinds of Variables Controlled Variable – a variable that is not changed Also called constants Allow for a “fair test”

Parts of the Statement Independent Variable: The condition be studied. It is controlled by the experimenter. ex. Water Dependent Variable: The condition affected by the ind. variable. It can’t be controlled by the experimenter. ex. Plant Growth Control: The condition that is represented in a normal situation.

Steps to Writing the “If” section of your Hypothesis Start your sentence with the word “If” Write down one of the variables Connect statement with one of the following: is related to is affected by causes Write down the other variable

Writing the “Then” section of your Hypothesis Write the word then (following the “if” section) Make a comment on the relationship between those two variables. Ex. If section: If water is related to plant growth, Ex. Then section: then the more you water plants, the bigger they will grow.

Final “If / Then” Statement If water is related to plant growth, then the more you water plants, the bigger they will grow.