Section 2 Triumphs of a Crusade

Freedom Rides (1961) Bus Desegregation challenged White leaders in the South ignore SC ruling about desegregating busses

Black and white activists (CORE and SNCC) sat together on buses headed towards south Encountered violence Used Federal Marshalls to integrate buses, lunch counters, restrooms

Colleges Colleges were still segregated and needed to be desegregated James Meredith

James Meredith: Black Air Force Veteran U Miss all white up to 1962 James Meredith: Black Air Force Veteran Fed Marshalls had to escort him Lots of violence and riots to keep him out

University of Alabama All white up to 1963 George Wallace=Alabama gov. that tried to prevent blacks from attending Fed marshals used here too

Birmingham April 1963, MLK asked to come lead peaceful demonstrations Arrested and thrown in jail May 2, 1000 black children march, almost all arrested May 3, 2nd Crusade Law enforcement ready and react violently June 11, NAACP leader Medgar Evans is assassinated

Result Because of coverage city government agreed to end segregation Inspired other communities to rise up Inspired Kennedy to write new Civil Rights Legislation

Civil Rights Act 1964 Passes easily for two reasons 1. March on DC I have a Dream 2. Carry out legacy of JFK What did it do? Prohibited most forms of discrimination Race , religion, Gender, Ethnicity Now needed to be enforced

Demanding Voting Rights Freedom Summer 1964 Group of mostly college students that attempt to register AA voters in South, met with violence 24th Amendment (1964) Eliminated having to pay a fee to vote--poll taxes

Selma March 7, 1965 Protest voting injustices Met with a lot of violence Media captured it 2nd March on the 21st : occurred with gov protection Also covered by media Nat. gov had to act

1965 Voting Rights Act Summer 65 Gov. eliminated having to pass a literacy test to vote Allowed National Government to Register blacks Previously had to go through Racist local officials End result: # of registered voters tripled