Introduction to the Nervous System Ms. Cohen

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Introduction to the Nervous System Ms. Cohen Of all the Nerve! Introduction to the Nervous System Ms. Cohen

Organs of the Nervous System Brain Spinal cord Numerous nerves Specialized sense organs such as eyes and ears Microscopic sense organs such as those found in the skin

Divisions of Nervous System Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System CNS - Brain, spinal cord PNS - Nerves that extend to the periphery of body Autonomic nervous system - involuntary functions (breathing rates, respiratory rates, etc) Somatic - voluntary functions (motor neurons)

Cool link to understanding the divisions of the Nervous System http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dOYOdJG0E0s

Neurons What do they do? 3 parts: carry the impulses that make things happen. cell body, branching projections called dendrites and elongated axons.

Supporting cells Glial cells (astrocytes): Specialized connective tissue cells that support & protect neurons Microglia - smaller, microbe eating scavengers Oligodendrocytes -help to hold nerve fibers together and produce myelin

Sensory neurons transmit impulses to the spinal cord and brain from all parts of the body. Motor neurons transmit impulses in the opposite direction - away from the brain and spinal cord. Interneurons conduct impulses from sensory neurons to motor neurons. Conduct impulses From sensory to Motor neurons To spinal cord Away from spinal cord

Axon is covered in ________________. Myelin is formed by ____________ __________. Nodes of Ranvier - Myelin Schwann cells are indentations between adjacent Schwann cells that aid in quick transmission of signals

Nerve Bundle Organization White matter - has myelin Each axon in a nerve is surrounded by fibrous connective tissue called endoneurium. Groups of these axons are called fascicles which are surrounded by perineurium Epineurium covers whole nerve (fibrous sheath)

Reflex Arcs - no brain involvement

Nerve Impulses Self propagating wave of electrical disturbance that travels along the surface of a neuron’s plasma membrane. Stimulus occurs Charges across the membrane change from - to + This change “travels” down the membrane of axon Synapse occurs at terminal end of presynaptic neuron Post synaptic neuron receives impulse and carries on the “message” or signal

Action Potential

Action Potential Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4j3_b5NVBiE

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