Emerson, Thoreau, Ellison

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Presentation transcript:

Emerson, Thoreau, Ellison Transcendentalism Emerson, Thoreau, Ellison

What is transcendentalism? It’s all about finding “an original relationship to the universe” according to Emerson. It’s about not thoughtlessly conforming, but, rather, being a sanctuary unto yourself Conformity

Where did it come from? It started in the New England region of the United States (northeast corner: Massachusetts, New York, Connecticut, etc.) in the early nineteenth century (early 1800s). It was started by people who disagreed with orthodox Calvinism The protestant sect of Christianity that believed in salvation through personal faith and the grace of God. These were the people that came to the “New World” to escape religious persecution in Great Britain Also known as the Puritans

Roman Catholic Church Calvinists Puritans Broke with the Roman Catholic Church, to practice “reformed Protestantism,” which was all about having a personal relationship with God, rather than having to go through the church, like the Catholics believed. Also believe in predestination. Puritans Early American settlers who left Great Britain to practice their special kind of Protestantism in their own way.

Flash forward many years … The transcendentalists took these ideas even further, believing that not only can you have a person relationship with God, but you can even find God, goodness, salvation, etc. WITHIN YOURSELF. They believed you can even become God-like

Inspirations Transcendentalism English Romanticism Locke’s empiricism Hume’s skepticism English Romanticism Locke’s empiricism

Transcendentalism & Romanticism An artistic, literary, and intellectual movement going on in Europe during the first fifty years of the 19th century Emphasized emotions and glorified the individual Glorified the human experience in nature Influence on transcendentalists That the human is an intimate part of the landscape No divorce from the human and nature

John Locke’s empiricism John Locke: English philosopher out of the Enlightenment period Influenced a lot of early American ideology: i.e. the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution; the Social Contract You have no direct experience with the universe; you only know what your senses tell you Influence on transcendentalism The universe is not outside of us , it is within us

Hume’s Skepticism David Hume: Scottish philosopher of the 18th century, died before the American Revolution You must have a good reason to justify a belief Transcendentalists rejected the idea of the Protestant God because there is not reasonable explanation for it