Chapters 19 & 21 The Industrial Revolution

Industrial Revolution Why Britain? Great Brittan's Advantages Labor Supply Natural Resources Investment Capital Entrepreneurs Transportation Markets Government Support

New Inventions Mechanical Drill and Horse-Drawn Hoe: Jethro Tull New Iron Making Process, “Bessemer Process”: Henry Bessemer Steam Engine: James Watt Cotton Gin: Eli Whitney

Social Impact of Industrialization Urbanization – growth of cities Problems with urbanization: New Social Classes Emerge Industrial Middle Class Industrial Working Class Factory life = Harsh conditions Long Hours No Safety Standards No representation/protection: labor unions outlawed Women and children in factories

New Economic Theories Emerge Economics of Industrialization Laissez-faire (Adam Smith): Hands-off approach by government Socialism: People control means of production Attempt at a Utopian Society – Robert Owen Communism (Karl Marx): Extension of Socialism, Classless Society Communist Manifesto Problems with Communism

Other Nations Industrialize Britain was the first to Industrialize Belgium follows U.S., France and Germany next Some nations don’t industrialize Russia, Saudi Arabia Competition spurs between nations Nations compete for markets Asian Markets (China) Open Door Policy

New Technologies Arise Transportation Alfred Nobel Thomas Edison Samuel Morse Alexander Graham Bell Guglielmo Marconi

Rise of the Cities Population Explosion Changes to Cities Advances in Medicine contributes Pasteurization – Louis Pasteur Cure for Tuberculosis – Robert Koch Changes to Cities Paved Streets, street lights, organized police, sewage systems, running water, skyscrapers Labor Unions Grow Workers’ Rights Increase, Strikes Standard of Living Improves

Changing Attitudes and Values Women push for Suffrage New Zealand and Australia grant suffrage early Most European nations don’t grant until after WWI (U.S. – 1919) Education Public education grows Colleges and universities expand New Scientific Theory - Evolution Charles Darwin – Origin of Species Natural Selection – Survival of the Fittest Social Darwinism promotes racism

The Arts Movements in Literature Movements is Visual Art Romanticism William Wordsworth, William Blake, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Charlotte Bronte, Victor Hugo, Alexandre Dumas Realism Charles Dickens Movements is Visual Art Impressionism Claude Monet Post-Impressionism Vincent van Gogh