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Chapter 10: Chemical Quantities

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Presentation transcript:

Warm-Up- start a new sheet! Read this: A counting unit is a unit that we use to name specific quantities of items. For example, if you want to say you have 12 eggs, what is another way of phrasing that? Write this: Using that information, write down as many examples of counting units as you can think of. Whoever writes the most gets a prize! No, you don’t need anything in the Prompt box today!

The Mole

The Mole A counting unit for atoms and molecules! 1 mole = 6.022 x 1023 items SI base unit for amount Symbol = mol

Amedeo Avogadro Italian scientist who determined that at a given temperature, every gas will have the same number of particles per unit volume NA = 6.022 x 1023

Who Cares? 1 mole of a gas will have a volume of 22.4 L at STP (0 oC and 1 atm). 1 mole of a substance will have a mass in grams equal to the average atomic mass given on the periodic table.

Calculating Molar Mass To carry out a chemical reaction, you need 1 mole of zinc nitrate, Zn(NO3)2. How many grams will you need to get for this reaction?

Molar Mass Practice Calculate the molar mass of these three substances: H2O NaHCO3 (NH4)3PO4

Hydrates An ionic compound that has water incorporated into its structure is called a hydrate. Examples: MgCl2· 6 H2O CuCl2· 2 H2O CoCl2 (anhydrous) CoCl2 · 6 H2O (hydrate)

Hydrate Molar Mass You need 1 mole of copper (II) chloride to perform a reaction, but you only have its dihydrate in your stock room. How many grams should you collect for this reaction?

It’s Baaaaack…….. If we know any of the quantities of a substance in the picture, we can convert to any of the others. Particles to moles Moles to volume (for a gas) Particles to mass Take a guess at what method we use to do this…

Dimensional Analysis A small container of compressed gas contains 4.70 moles of Helium. What volume will this gas occupy at STP?

Dimensional Analysis I have 0.50 moles of Cu(NO3)2. How many grams do I have?

Dimensional Analysis How many moles is 2.408 x 1024 molecules of sugar?

Dimensional Analysis How many grams are in 38.8 L of hydrogen gas at STP?