Psychology I Notes Chapter 7, 8 & 9 If you study this, You shall pass… This is a 2 day lecture.

A conditioned response is triggered by the conditioned stimulus. Classic Conditioning Ivan Pavlov is the best known theorist for Classical Conditioning. A conditioned response is triggered by the conditioned stimulus. Extinction occurs when reinforcement is stopped and the conditioned behavior stops.

Emotional Conditioning Ivan Pavlov – Dog Experiment https://www.snotr.com/video/183/Best_scene_from_the_Office_US_

Emotional Conditioning When “Little Albert” became conditioned to fear all furry objects (due to the loud bang with the rat), he demonstrated the principle of generalization.

Emotional Conditioning John Watson – Little Albert https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fhuuNcmiky0

Operant Conditioning Its basic principle is the organism plays an active role in the learning process. Stimulus, response, reinforcement best demonstrates the proper order of operant conditioning. (Learning from the consequences of one’s actions is operant conditioning)

Operant Conditioning Process The type of reinforcement which occurs after a correct response is positive reinforcement. The best way to learn how to drive a car is to use the shaping and chaining skills.

Social Learning Learning from the behaviors of others. (Albert Bandura stated we learn from watching the actions of others) A cognitive map is a mental image of where one is located in space (Locations)

Schemas Are useful because they help us solve problems in an organized way, provide a mental outline of a problem, help us analyze problems in a matter of seconds.

Mnemonic Devices Are unusual associations made in order to remember the material better. Are useful when you use them at the beginning of what you are trying to remember. When you remember the melody of your favorite song, you are using your acoustic memory. (It also triggers emotional responces) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1ClCpfeIELw

Short/Long-Term Memory (STM) An example of using short-term memory is remembering a phone #. Overlearning occurs best when you rehearse the material several times.

Memory Chunking/Clustering involves grouping items together. Most people who are recovering from amnesia can recall older memories, but not newer ones. HEY LACOMBE!!! STOP HERE…

Learning Learning increases when emotions are high, moderate stimulants are consumed, and humor is used. If you want positive transfer to occur, you would take Psychology I before taking Psychology AP.

Test Taking A recognition test is easier than a recall test because your accuracy depends on your ability to pick out the correct answer. Taking a test in the same condition in which you studied, is called State-dependent learning.

Intelligence Definition of intelligence is the ability to adapt to your environment. A savant is a person who has below-normal intelligence but possesses a high degree of special talent. The theory of Multiple Intelligences states that intelligence is made up of a number of abilities, such as musical and language.

Logical Intelligence or Not Funny Math https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t8XMeocLflc

Intelligence Quotient (IQ) To determine one’s IQ, Binet compared mental age with chronological age. The IQ formula is… mental age chronological age X 100 = IQ Thus… 17 17 X 100 = 100 IQ

IQ Test Picture completion and object assembly are both found on the performance scale portion of the IQ Test composed by David Welsler. Performance scales, efficient to give, and reasonably accurate are all characteristics of a Group IQ Test. IQ test most likely predict success in school.

Intelligence Child Prodigy https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GAW9EGYjjg0

Mental Retardation Inadequate food during infancy, alcohol used by an expectant mother, and exposure to toxic chemicals are all factors affecting retardation. Many retarded students who are included in regular classes learn more than anyone thought possible. A person who has been classified as profoundly retarded will not benefit from education.

Twins Monozygotic, aka Identical, twins have exactly the same heredity.

Semester Exam Questions Explain the lobes of the brain and their functions. Know Gardner’s 8 Multiple Intelligences.

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