CHAPTER 1, SECTIONS 3 AND 4

Abraham – beginning of the story Moses – led the exodus from Egypt HISTORY OF JUDAISM Hebrews or Israelites Abraham – beginning of the story Moses – led the exodus from Egypt Canaan – kingdom of Israel (1000 B.C.) David – united the tribes Solomon – Jerusalem was capital; building projects that split kingdom after death

HOLY BOOK OF JUDAISM Torah – first five books of the Bible (Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy) – written Oral Torah – unwritten laws and commentaries on written Torah

JUDAISM BELIEFS Monotheistic God made a covenant with Abraham and descendants – protect and provide them a homeland Messiah has not come yet

VIEWS ON LAW AND MORALITY Ten Commandments – moral laws; Jews expected to follow Seven Universal Laws – apply to all people; establish courts and have moral principles Prophets remind Jews what to do; code of ethics Law – equality before the law; rule of law

ORGANIZATION OF JUDAISM RABBI – RELIGIOUS LEADER SYNAGOGUE – HOUSE OF WORSHIP ORTHODOX ,(HASIDIC), AND REFORM

HISTORY OF CHRISTIANITY Founded by Jesus Crucified 395 A.D. – official religion of Roman Empire 12 apostles

HOLY BOOK Bible – Old and New Testament Gospels – tell us about Jesus New Testament is a new covenant – faith in Jesus over strict observance of the law

BELIEFS Monotheistic Jesus’ Message – Jesus is the Messiah; accept 10 Commandments God’s love; justice, morality, and service to others; forgiveness Jesus’ message echoed the Jewish ideas of mercy and sympathy for the poor

SPREAD OF THE RELIGION Paul helped spread Christianity worldwide – preach it to the Gentiles Why Christianity? Welcomed all people’ equality and dignity; life after death; add in philosophy Emperor Theodosius made Christianity official religion of Rome

ORGANIZATION OF CHRISTIAN CHURCH Hierarchy during the Middle Ages Clergy – Bishop – Pope 1054 – split into 2 (eastern and western) Eastern – Orthodox Church Western – Roman Catholic Church

ORGANIZATION OF CHRISTIAN CHURCH 1100s – universities to train clergy – translate Aristotle – faith vs. reason (Thomas Aquinas)

HISTORY OF ISLAM 610 A.D. – prophet named Mohammed in Mecca Claimed he received revelations from God via Gabriel Mohammed died in 632 A.D. 2ND largest religion in world

HOLY BOOK Koran Accept Old and New Testament Christ is a prophet, but not THE prophet

5 PILLARS OF ISLAM FAITH PRAYER CHARITY THE FAST PILGRIMAGE

SPREAD OF ISLAM Predominant in Middle East Indonesia, in Asia, has largest numbers of Muslims outside of Middle East

ORGANIZATION OF ISLAM 2 LARGEST SECTS: SUNNI – 85% - The principle or the path; religious leader elected by committee SHI’A (SHI’ITE) – 15% - Leadership based on successors to Mohammed MOSQUE – HOUSE OF WORSHIP IMAM (Cleric) – RELIGIOUS LEADER

TEN COMMANDMENTS 1. You shall have no other gods before Me. 2. You shall not make for yourself a carved image. 3. You shall not take the name of the Lord your God in vain. 4. Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy.

5. Honor your father and your mother. 6. You shall not murder. 7.You shall not commit adultery. 8. You shall not steal. 9. You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor. 10. You shall not covet.