4.3 Conservation of Energy

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Presentation transcript:

4.3 Conservation of Energy

Types of Energy – Kinetic Energy Kinetic energy is the energy associated with motion. KE = ½ mv2 m = mass, v = velocity

Types of Energy – Potential Energy Potential Energy is stored energy: Gravitational PE depends on: object’s mass (m) Acceleration due to gravity (g) distance object could fall PE = mgh We next discuss 2 subcategories of potential energy that are important in astronomy: gravitational potential energy (this and next slide) and mass-energy.

Types of Energy – Potential Energy cont. In space, an object or gas cloud has more PE when it is spread out than when it contracts. A contracting cloud converts gravitational potential energy to thermal energy. We next discuss 2 subcategories of potential energy that are important in astronomy: gravitational potential energy (this and next slide) and mass-energy.

Types of Energy – Potential Energy cont. Mass is a form of potential energy A small amount of mass can release a great deal of energy E = mc2

Radiative Energy – energy from light Types of Energy – Radiative Energy Radiative Energy – energy from light

Conservation of Energy Energy can’t be created or destroyed. It can change form or be exchanged between objects. The total energy content of the Universe was determined in the Big Bang and remains the same today. You might wish to go through the example tracing the energy of a baseball back through time, as described on p. 90 of the text.

Changes in Energy

KE & GPE for an orbiting body:

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