Colonial Society and Democratic Growth Chapter 4 Colonial Society and Democratic Growth

Unhealthy Chesapeake Life expectancy cut by 10 years Few lived to be 40-50 Half died by 20 6 to 1 male to female ratio 1/3 of brides pregnant before wedding Marriages ended by death Disease Malaria Dysentery typhoid Late 1600s natural increase

Tobacco Longer growing season Hot humid = disease ¾ of immigrants are indentured servants

Bacon’s Rebellion

Significance Foreshadows future class revolts Decline in indentured servants

Slavery Grew slowly in British North America Indentured Servants = cheaper Reasons for Growth of Slavery 1. English Economy improves – mid 1600s 2. Bacon’s Rebellion – fear 3. Royal African Co. lost Monopoly – RI began slave trade, part of triangular trade 1750 – slaves count almost half of VA population Slave codes

African to African- American First Africans 1600s Brought variety of African traditions, languages, skills, music, and foods Ex rice Mostly male Able to potentially purchase freedom Anthony Johnson African Slaves in the 1700s Settled slave society Slave laws tightened Importations increased New generation of American-born slaves Unique blend of African and Western culture Christian Moses Spirituals

Stono Rebellion – 1739 20 black Carolinians met near Stono River – near Charleston Took guns and powder , killed 2 storekeepers “With cries of ‘Liberty’ and beating of drums” headed towards St. Augustine (Spanish) burning towns along the way Slave-owners caught up with the band of 60-100 slaves 20 white Carolinians and 40 black Carolinians were killed before rebellion was suppressed Largest slave uprising prior to Revolution

Slave Codes Slave Revolts --> slave codes Not taught to read or write Restricted to plantation Could not congregate after dark Could not possess any type of firearm Keep ignorant about life beyond plantation

Southern Society Planter Elites - 70% of House of Burgesses Membership Small farmers – yeomen, majority of people, maybe 1-2 slaves Landless whites and Indentured Servants African slaves Plantations separated Few cities, Charleston

New England Society Healthy Families Cooler climate and clean water Adds life expectancy = 10 years Towards mid 1700s life expectancy = 70 Families Early marriage encouraged = booming birthrates Large families encouraged 10 pregnancies – 8 survived Low premarital birth rates NE “invented grandparents”

Cont. Women Marriage Gave up property rights at marriage Could not vote Considered “morally weaker” Scarlet Letter Marriage Divorce = rate Adultery Abandonment Adulterers whipped and forced to wear “A” Abusive husbands punished

Cont. Puritanism Church center of town Small farms and villages A meetinghouse Village green Woodlot, pasture, land for crops

Education 50 + families = elementary school 100 + families = secondary school ½ adults can read 1636 – Harvard opens 8 years after founding College of William and Mary (1694) – Anglican Yale, 1701 – Puritan

Great Awakening influences on Education – 1750s and 60s College of New Jersey – Princeton – Presbyterian King’s College - Columbia - Anglican Rhode Island College – Brown - Baptist Queens College – Rutgers – Dutch Reformed Dartmouth - Congregational

The Decline of Puritanism Demographic changes  declining Puritan fervor Moved away physically Decline in conversions Jeremiad New form of sermon Jeremiah – prophet who warns of doom Used by preachers to scold parishioners into being more committed to their faith Half-Way Covenant Effect – distinction between elect and other members in society declined

Salem Witch Trials Salem, Massachusetts March to September 1693 19 hung, 1 pressed 55 confess Elizabeth Parris and Abigail Williams Ended when Governor stopped it

“Yankee Way” Less ethnically diverse than South Diversified agriculture Good Harbors “Yankee Ingenuity”