PLANT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

Plant Organs Leaves Cones Flower Stem Root Where photosynthesis occurs (contain chloroplasts) Cones Contains reproductive organs (in conifers) Flower Site where reproduction occurs Stem Transports nutrients and supports the plant Root take in nutrients and anchor plant

Types of Tissue Meristem Ground Dermal Vascular

Tissue Vascular Tissue Ground Tissue Dermal Tissue Transport Support Synthesis of Sugars Storage Dermal Tissue Protection

Meristem Tissue Meristem tissue = cells that divide for life of plant, can give rise to all plant structures

Division of Meristem Cells Causes Plant Growth Apical Meristem tips of root and shoot increase in height Lateral Meristem cylinders within plant body increase in width

Problem! IF THE CUTICLE BLOCKS WATER, WHAT ELSE IS PREVENTED FROM ENTERING/EXITING THE PLANT? C O 2 !!

Solution? STOMATA! Guard Cells Tiny pores in epidermis surrounded by two guard cells! Guard Cells Help regulate transpiration by opening and closing stomata Open during the day! Why? PS occurs during the day Transpiration necessary for cooling

Stems Transports food, water, and nutrients Supports the leaves and flowers

VASCULAR TISSUE 2 MAJOR TYPES: XYLEM TISSUE PHLOEM TISSUE

Parts of the Stem Xylem Water and minerals travel to other plant parts Phloem Manufactured food travels to other plant parts Cambium Separates xylem and phloem

xylem

Roots can be adapted for storage of nutrients: Example: Carrot (Taproot) Sweet Potato (Fibrous Root)

Plant Processes Photosynthesis Transpiration Reproduction Mixes light, water, and carbon dioxide in the presence of chlorophyll to produce sugar and oxygen Transpiration Loss of water through the leaves or stems Causes wilting when soil is dry Reproduction Seeds!

Animal Water Wind                                                     Dispersal of Seeds Gravity Wind Force

What do plants do? All plants are alike in one way. They need three things in order to survive Water carbon dioxide energy from sunlight What do you suppose the plants use these things for? Classify – to sort into groups based on similarities and differences

Plants and some protists conduct photosynthesis. They turn it into sugar! photosynthesis – a process by which plants change light energy from the sun and use it to make sugar Plants and some protists conduct photosynthesis.

Differentiate between xylem and phloem? Bell work 10/20 Differentiate between xylem and phloem?

Xylem and Phloem

Photosynthesis As a plant makes sugar, oxygen is released When the plant uses the sugar, water and carbon dioxide are released.

Chloroplast Found in LEAVES! Photosynthesis takes place inside chloroplasts Contains saclike photosynthetic membranes called thylakoids Thylakoids are arranged in stacks called grana

Chloroplast

Flower anatomy What are the three main parts of flowers? Petals Stamens Pistil

The Stamen: Male Reproductive Part of a Flower Anther: pollen grains (sperm cells) grow in the anther. Filament: holds the anther

The Pistil: Female Reproductive Parts of a Flower Stigma Style Ovary (carpel) Eggs(ovules)

Parts of a Flower