Biology C20 Test Review Notes Place these notes into your Biology Notebook. Place your first and last name in the upper right corner of your paper. 12/2/2018

In the life cycle of the alga Ulva, one of the phases produces male and female gametes known as gametophytes. Many algae switch back and forth between diploid and haploid stages during their life cycle in a process known as alternation of generations. The phylum of multicellular algae most likely to be observed at great depths is Rhodophyta.

Cell wall composition, multicellularity, and photosynthetic pigments are three traits shared by both plants and green algae. Giant kelp, the largest known species of algae, is a type of brown algae. Gonyaulax is a species of dinoflagellate that creates a toxin contributing to a red tide. Don’t eat shellfish during a red tide.

Red Tide Gonyauax sp. A bloom is an enormous mass of algae.

Chlorophyll and accessory pigments allow algae to harvest and use the energy from sunlight. Members of the phylum Chrysophyta contain chloroplasts containing a gold color.

A Euglenophyte contains a flagellum, an eyespot, and a pellicle A Euglenophyte contains a flagellum, an eyespot, and a pellicle. It lacks a cell wall.

Many of the dinoflagellates are luminescent.

Phytoplankton are only found at the surface of ocean waters because they require sunlight to carry out photosynthesis.

Not all multicellular green algae classified as plants live primarily in water. Ulva, or “sea lettuce” can live on rocks.

Algae are considered to be one of the most important groups of organisms on our planet because they produce much of the Earth’s oxygen through photosynthesis. Cellular slime molds, acellular slime molds, and water molds are considered funguslike protists. Funguslike protists get nutrients by absorbing them from dead or decaying matter.

Fungi have cell walls made of chitin, and lack centrioloes whereas funguslike protists have centrioles and lack chitinous cell walls. Water molds are a funguslike protists that thrive on dead or decaying organic matter in water. Some also act as plant parasites on land.

Slime mold dominating—You Tube When amoeba-like cells of acellular slime molds fuse, they form structures with many nuclei called plasmodia.

In oomycetes, sexual reproduction takes place in the antheridium and oogonium.

A depleted food supply triggers the aggregation of many slime mold individuals into one giant, sluglike mass.

Funguslike protists play an important role as decomposers within an ecosystem. The work of funguslike protists and other decomposers is important in improving the quality of topsoil. A Phytophthora infestans grow rapidly in cool and wet weather conditions. This protist caused the 1845 potato blight. A mildewed grape crop might be caused by a water mold.

Potato Blight

Most protists are unicellular Most protists are unicellular. According to Lynn Margulis, eukaryotic cells may have evolved from a symbiosis of several cells. March 5, 1938-Nov. 22, 2011 She discovered the origins of eukaryotic organelles and showed that animals, plants, and fungi all originated from Protists. Her first husband was legendary astronomer Carl Sagan.

Classifying a certain protist, such as Spirogyra, as a plantlike protist is problematic because the category does not reflect Spirogyra’s evolutionary history.

In an amoeba, a small cavity within the cytoplasm that stores food is called a food vacuole.

The function of conjugation in paramecia is to exchange genetic material, thus increasing diversity of the population.

A “reserve copy” of the paramecium cell’s genes is located in the micronucleus.

Not all strains of Malaria can be treated, and there is no completely effective vaccine. Amebic dysentery is caused by the animal-like protist known as Entamoeba. Protists living inside termites produce the enzyme cellulase. Cellulase breaks down the cellulose cell walls of plant cells.

Termite zooflagellates