The United States becomes an Industrial Giant The Growth of Industry The United States becomes an Industrial Giant

Industrial Revolution The First Industrial Revolution reached the United States in the early 1800s. Industry is the name given to business involved in manufacturing; transportation; and communications. Second Industrial Revolution was characterized by an increase in technology. Ex: Hand tools are replaced by factory machines, and farming is replaced by large-scale manufacturing.

Factors Encouraging Industrial Growth in the Late 19th Century The United States had enough iron ore and coal to provide raw materials for manufacturing. New Resource: Petroleum turned into Kerosene Discovery of oil. 1. Natural Resources An abundance of raw materials materials was one reason for the nation’s industrial success. Timber Coal Iron Copper These resources were located in the American West

Factors Encouraging Industrial Growth in the Late 19th Century 2. Population Growth 3. Technology It stemmed from two sources: large families and a flood of legal immigrants. Growth provided industry with an abundant workforce and created greater demand for consumer goods. Technologies and inventions eased transportation and communication. They encouraged new industries which in turn produced more wealth and jobs.

New Technologies help nation grow With new farm equipment, Midwestern farmers grew food to feed Northeastern factory workers. Joseph Glidden – Barbed Wire Cyrus McCormick – Mechanical Reaper Midwestern farmers became a market for Northeastern manufactured goods. The growth of the textile factories increased the demand for Southern cotton.

Developments of Major New Industries Andrew Carnegie Scottish businessman One of the first industrial moguls to make his own fortune. Owned the Carnegie Steel Company Vertical Integration Passion for supporting charities 80% of fortune went to education. At time of death, he had given away – 350 million. John D. Rockefeller Standard Oil Co. Eventually owned most oil companies in US. (Horizontal Integration) He bought out competitors or drove them out of business. He hated competition (he saw it as wasteful)

Developments of Major New Industries Cornelius Vanderbilt J. Pierpont Morgan Owner of the largest private banking & securities house of America. He reorganized many bankrupt railroads. In 1901; Morgan & his associates purchased the Carnegie Steel Co & merged it with other steel producers to form enormous monopoly known as US Steel Corp (nation’s first billion-dollar Co.) Became famous for consolidating a number of short railroad lines between NYC & Buffalo to the country’s first great railroad system; the NY Central Station

Inventions Thomas Alva Edison George Westinghouse -Established the world’s first research laboratory. -Perfected the light bulb -Invented an electrical system 1.Electrical power ran numerous machines, from fans to printing presses. 2. Became available to homes 3. Industry grew like never before -The first air brake, making braking a safer venture on trains and thus, permitting trains to travel at higher speed. Hydro Turbine, elec power, Niagara Falls

Inventions Christopher Sholes Alexander Graham Bell -Invented the typewriter (Changed the world of work) -Invented the telephone (open the way for worldwide communication network)

Inventions Gustavus Swift Thaddeus Lowe -load of meat shipped on the first refrigerated box car -Invented the ice machine; the basis of the refrigerator. Inside of Swift's Refrigerated Railroad Car