Settling the Northern Colonies

Protestant Reformation Martin Luther - 1517 95 Thesis John Calvin - 1536 Institutes of Christian Religion Predestination / Signs of Conversion Puritans Unhappy with slow progress Separatists

Plymouth Pilgrims = Separatists Mayflower Plymouth Bay Squatters 65 days at sea / 102 people Plymouth Bay Squatters Mayflower Compact

Continued. Winter 1620 – 21 44 survived 1621 Bountiful harvest First Thanksgiving Fur, fish and lumber Beaver and the Bible William Bradford = Great leader

Bay Colony Massachusetts Bay Colony – 1630 Great Migration – 1630 11 vessels / 1000 immigrants Puritans Great Migration – 1630 70,000 refugees left England John Winthrop First Governor Prosperous Fur, fishing, shipbuilding City upon a Hill

Building Bay Colony All males belonging to Puritan Church = vote Not a democracy Thought democracy was worse form of government Enforce God’s laws Applied to believers and non-believers Church admission Interrogations Congregation had power Clergy banned from holding political office Separation of church/ state

Cont. Puritans = worldly “Blue Law State” “Protestant Ethic” Ate plentifully, drank heartily, sang songs “Blue Law State” Repressive laws

Trouble Anne Hutchinson 14 children Carried Puritan doctrine of predestination to the extreme Antinomianism Convicted of heresy Roger Williams Radical ideas Extreme Separatist Challenged the Bay colony’s charter Indians Banished / 1635

Rhode Island Roger Williams – 1636 Very liberal colony Squatter colony Built Baptist Church Freedom of Religion Shelter abused Quakers Very liberal colony Manhood suffrage “The Sewer”/ “Lords Debris”

New England expands Connecticut Hartford - 1635 Dutch/ English Boston Puritans Fundamental Orders Modern constitution New Haven – 1638 Puritans Church-government alliance

Cont. Maine Fishing, Fur Traders Failing attempts to colonize Absorbed by Massachusetts Bay Colony New Hampshire Absorbed by Bay Colony King not happy with greedy Bay Colony Separated Massachusetts from new Hampshire = 1679

Puritans versus Indians Wampanoag Indians Squanto = learned English Massasoit Signed peace treaty with Pilgrims First Thanksgiving – 1621 Pushed off land King Philip’s War Metacom 52 towns Slowed westward march

Colonial Unity New England Confederation Helped form colonial unity 4 colonies Massachusetts Bay colonies (Plymouth, Bay) Connecticut Colonies ( New Haven, valley settlements) Defense Intercolonial problems Helped form colonial unity Charles II – not happy about this

Control Dominion of New England - 1686 Colonial defense Administration of the English Navigation Laws Smuggling Sir Edmund Andros Suppress town meetings, press, schools Glorious Revolution Salutary Neglect

Dutch / New Netherland The Dutch East India company State within a State 190 ships/ 10,000 men Hudson – 1609 Dutch West India Company Caribbean / Africa / Brazil Raiding $15 million New Netherland Fur trade New Amsterdam

New York English did not like separation of Northern and Southern colonies English drove out the Dutch James – The Duke of York Arrives with a fleet in New Amsterdam’s harbor Dutch outnumbered - surrendered No shot fired James renames colony = New York Later gave portion of the land to his friends New Jersey

William Penn William Penn Received a charter for Pennsylvania Quaker Equality, cooperation, religious toleration No ministers Dressed plainly, refused rank, opposed war Harassed “City of Brotherly Love” Every adult male settler received 50 acres of land and the right to vote Great relations with Native Americans

Middle colonies Fertile soil Growth of Seaports “Bread colonies” Rivers Susquehanna, Delaware, Hudson Commerce Lumbering – shipbuilding Growth of Seaports Most American Melting pot Religious toleration