EXPLORATION.

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EXPLORATION.
Presentation transcript:

EXPLORATION

EXPLORATION WHAT DO YOU THINK SPURRED LATE 1400’S EXPLORATION? SPICES PEPPER $125 - 12 OUNCES -ANCIENT ROMANS

EUROPEAN EXPLORATION TRADE HAD BEEN DISRUPTED DUE TO: BLACK DEATH BREAK UP OF MONGOL EMPIRE AFTER THE BLACK DEATH - CINNAMON, CLOVES, NUTMEG, AND PEPPER USES: PRESERVE FOOD ADD FLAVOR TO DRIED AND SALTED MEATS MAKE MEDICINES AND PERFUMES

EUROPEAN EXPLORATION MOLUCCAS - CALLED “SPICE ISLAND” GREATEST SOURCE FOR EUROPEANS MOTIVATION FOR EXPLORATION MUSLIMS CONTROLLED SPICE TRADE RENAISSANCE THINKING (QUEST FOR KNOWLEDGE)

IMPROVED TECHNOLOGY MADE SEA TRAVEL EASIER CARTOGRAPHERS (MAP MAKERS) ASTROLABE (DETERMINE LATITUDE) LARGER AND BETTER SHIPS CARAVEL (SQUARE AND TRIANGULAR SAILS) STERNPOST RUDDER NUMEROUS MASTS MORE WEAPONS INCLUDING CANNONS

PORTUGUESE LED THE WAY HENRY THE NAVIGATOR (MID 1400’S) CHRISTIANITY GOLD WESTERN COAST OF AFRICA BARTHOLUMEU DIAS (1488) SOUTHERN TIP OF AFRICA (CALLED IT THE CAPE OF STORMS) CAPE OF GOOD HOPE

DIAS

PORTUGUESE EXPLORATION VASCO DA GAMA (1497) CAPE OF GOOD HOPE TO INDIA MANY SHIPS LOST AND SAILORS DIED SUCCESSFUL = SOLD SPICES FOR A 3,000% PROFIT ESTABLISHED A PROFITABLE TRADING EMPIRE PORTUGUESE SEIZED KEY TRADING PORTS AROUND THE INDIAN OCEAN

CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS KNEW THE EARTH WAS ROUND FEW WEEKS TO REACH THE INDIES (PRESENT DAY INDONESIA) 2 ERRORS UNDERESTIMATED SIZE OF EARTH NO IDEA THAT 2 CONTINENTS LAID IN HIS PATH PORTUGUESE BACKING - A NEW SEA ROUTE TO INDIA - FAILED

COLUMBUS ISABELLE AND FERDINAND OF SPAIN TO FINANCE TRIP 1492 SPAIN DROVE MUSLIMS - WERE LOOKING FOR MORE WEALTH SPREAD CHRISTIANITY

COLUMBUS AUGUST 3, 1492 SET SAIL WITH 3 SHIPS NINA, PINTA, SANTA MARIA OCTOBER 12, 1492 – LAND WAS SIGHTED THOUGHT HE REACHED THE INDIES (CALLED PEOPLE INDIANS) RETURNED SEVERAL TIMES STILL THOUGHT IN EAST ASIA LATER – OTHERS REALIZED HE HAD LANDED ON A NEW CONTINENT

LINE OF DEMARCATION “TREATY OF TORDESILLAS” ESTABLISHED DUE TO SPAIN AND PORTUGAL RIVAL CLAIMS TO LAND EAST OF LINE – PORTUGAL WEST - SPAIN

AMERIGO VESPUCCI ITALIAN EXPLORER SAILED FOR SPAIN AND PORTUGAL REALIZED IT WAS NOT ASIA “AMERICA”

OTHER EXPLORERS HENRY HUDSON (1609) NETHERLANDS AND ENGLAND LOOKED FOR A PASSAGE THROUGH THE AMERICAS EXPLORED THE HUDSON RIVER

OTHER EXPLORERS HERNAN CORTES (1519) SPAIN CONQUISTADOR IN SEARCH OF GOLD LANDED IN MEXICO TALKED WITH AZTEC KING SPAIN CONTROLLED MEXICO AND AZTEC EMPIRE CRUMBLED

Scientific Revolution Mid 1500’s = Ptolemy – Earth = center of U. 1543 – Copernicus = heliocentric theory Most “experts” rejected this idea Brahe and Kepler prove it later Galileo – w/telescope, observed movements of planets/moons Christian teachings = heavens are fixed Inquisition – recanted (“It does move”)

It does move!

Scientific method – step by step process of discovery Based on research not Bible or religious teachings Newton – -Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy *Gravity -Calculus

Legacy… Advancements in many fields… Astronomy Physics Chemistry Medicine Math Etc.